Skills anticipation

Cambodia: Addressing the skills gap - Employment diagnostic study

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Document

Content Type:

Cambodia: Addressing the skills gap - Employment diagnostic study

Language:

The International Labour Organization is the tripartite U.N. agency that promotes Decent Work through employment, social security, labour standards and social dialogue. Its work on skills development is guided by the conceptual framework on Skills to improve productivity, employment growth, and development agreed in 2008 by representatives of Governments, Employers’ Associations and Workers’ Associations. Research, policy advice, and pilot projects and technical cooperation programmes to apply good practices in different circumstances across its 185 member States aims to boost the employability of workers, the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, and the inclusiveness of economic growth. The ILO Secretariat in offices in 40 countries works with Ministries of Labour, employers’ organizations, and trade unions to integrate skills development into national and sector development strategies in order to better meet current labour market needs and to prepare for the jobs of the future; to expand access to employment-related training so that youth, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are better able to acquire skills and secure productive and decent work; and to improve the ability of public employment services to provide career guidance, maintain labour exchange services, and deliver active labour market programmes.For more information regarding the ILO’s work on skills and employability go to: http://www.ilo.org/skills/lang--en/index.htm; for ILO/Cinterfor's Knowledge Management Plarform, see: http://www.oitcinterfor.org

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skpILO

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ilo

International organizations

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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skpIntOrg

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international-organizations

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Anticipating and matching skills needs

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Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions.

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skpAFSN

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anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs

Training quality and relevance

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skpTrainQR

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training-quality-and-relevance

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues.

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skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

18 Nov 2015

Open

wcmstest4_157257.pdf

Cambodia has made great strides toward sustained rapid and inclusive economic growth since its political environment stabilized in 1999. Its 7.8% average annual growth since then has dramatically brought down the poverty level, from 47.8% of the population living below the national poverty line in 2007 to a low 18.9% in 2012. However, 71.0% of Cambodians still live on less than $3 a day, which means that many of them remain vulnerable to falling back into poverty. A lack of decent jobs is at the heart of the problem. The share of self-employed and unpaid family workers, which was at 59.4% in 2013, remains high. Indeed, most of the working population is in the informal economy or engaged in vulnerable forms of employment.

Enhancing labor productivity could very well be the biggest challenge Cambodia will face in sustaining a strong and inclusive economic growth. Using a diagnostic approach to assess the dynamics of the labor market, this study jointly undertaken by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) has identified this and five other major challenges to generating more productive employment in Cambodia and the possible policy initiatives for addressing them.

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Qualification frameworks

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qualification-frameworks

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651

Skills and training policy

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skills-and-training-policy

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666

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skills-anticipation

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677

Regions:

Asia and the Pacific

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Countries and territories:

Cambodia

Tackling unemployment while addressing skill mismatch

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Document

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Tackling unemployment while addressing skill mismatch

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English

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english

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skpEng

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Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

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skpOSource

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other-sources

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Access to training

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Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business.

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skpATSU

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access-to-training

Anticipating and matching skills needs

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skpAFSN

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anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

13 Nov 2015

Open

wcmstest4_156855.pdf

Lessons from policy and practice in European Union countries This study reviews recent policies and practices aiming to tackle unemployment through addressing skill mismatch in the EU-28 Member States.

It examines skill mismatch policy instruments aimed at reducing unemployment as well as measures to prevent it. In-depth case studies help identify promising features of policy practices and contribute to better understanding of impact. The lessons support policy learning and can help Member States shape policies with a stronger focus on matching and pave the way for policy agendas that put skill matching centre stage.

Subject Tags:

Skills and training policy

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skills-and-training-policy

Identifier

666

Skills anticipation

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skills-anticipation

Identifier

677

Skills mismatch

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skills-mismatch

Identifier

654

TVET systems

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tvet-systems

Identifier

661

Youth unemployment

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youth-unemployment

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622

Regions:

Europe and Central Asia

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Skills gaps and the path to successful skills development: Emerging findings from skills measurement surveys in Armenia, Georgia, FYR Macedonia, and Ukraine

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Skills gaps and the path to successful skills development: Emerging findings from skills measurement surveys in Armenia, Georgia, FYR Macedonia, and Ukraine
													

Language:

English

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english

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skpEng

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International organizations

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skpIntOrg

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international-organizations

Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

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skpAFSN

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anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

11 Nov 2015

Open

wcmstest4_156463.pdf

This report brings together evidence on the availability of skills from STEP (Skills Towards employment and Productivity) surveys: household level surveys that measure generic skills of the working age population and track the evolution of skills over cohorts for Armenia, Georgia, Macedonia and Ukraine; and firm level surveys that identify demand for skills, for Armenia, Georgia and Ukraine. The framework underlying these surveys adopts a broad view to skills sets, incorporating both general cognitive skills, including foundational skills like literacy and numeracy, as well as general problem solving skills; socio-emotional skills, such as the ability to work independently, focus on results, or communicate and collaborate with co-workers and business contacts; and technical skills, pertaining to specific occupations. The objective of the report is to use these questions to stimulate discussion as to how to measure and track skills gaps and subsequently identify a policy agenda to narrow the gaps.

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Enterprises

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enterprises

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175

Skills and training policy

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skills-and-training-policy

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666

Skills anticipation

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skills-anticipation

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677

Skills mismatch

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skills-mismatch

Identifier

654

Survey

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survey

Identifier

611

Regions:

Europe and Central Asia

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Countries and territories:

Armenia

Georgia

North Macedonia

Ukraine

Demand for skills: Main results of the Azerbaijan STEP employer survey

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Document

Content Type:

Demand for skills: Main results of the Azerbaijan STEP employer survey

Language:

English

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english

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skpEng

Sources:

International organizations

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skpIntOrg

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international-organizations

Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

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skpAFSN

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anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs

Lifelong learning

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There is a critical need for a greater overall investment in education and training, particularly in developing countries. Education and training investments should be closely linked to economic and employment growth strategies and programmes. Responsibility should be shared between the government (primary responsibility), enterprises, the social partners, and the individual. To make lifelong learning for all a reality, countries will need to make major reforms of their vocational and education and training systems. School-to-work schemes for young people should integrate education with workplace learning. Training systems need to become more flexible and responsive to rapidly changing skill requirements. Reforms should also focus on how learning can be facilitated, not just on training for specific occupational categories.

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skpPSLLL

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lifelong-learning

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

10 Nov 2015

Open

wcmstest4_156461.pdf

This note summarizes the main findings of the STEP Employer Skills Survey carried out in Azerbaijan in 2013. The note argues that there is a skills shortage in Azerbaijan. Azeri employers claim that it is difficult to find workers with the required skills. The shortage is particularly pronounced in the case of modern, innovative firms, which tend to required more advanced skills. The education system does not meet the needs of the majority of employers. In particular, it does not equip young workers with the practical skills that are required in the workplace, and with knowledge that is up-to-date.

The note finds that employers seek not only technical, job-specific skills but also cognitive skills (such as literacy, numeracy and problem solving) and adequate socio-behavioural skills (such as communication, teamwork, leadership and ability to work independently).

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School-to-work transition

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school-to-work-transition

Identifier

652

Skills anticipation

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skills-anticipation

Identifier

677

Skills mismatch

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skills-mismatch

Identifier

654

Technology

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technology

Identifier

345

Vocational training

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vocational-training

Identifier

124

Youth

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youth

Identifier

319

Regions:

Europe and Central Asia

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Countries and territories:

Azerbaijan

OECD Skills strategy diagnostic report: Korea

Type:

Document

Content Type:

OECD Skills strategy diagnostic report: Korea

Language:

English

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english

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skpEng

Sources:

International organizations

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skpIntOrg

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international-organizations

Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

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skpAFSN

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anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

09 Nov 2015

Open

wcmstest4_156453.pdf

This report is part of the OECD’s ongoing work on building effective national and local skills strategies. Skills have become the key driver of individual well-being and economic success in the 21st century. Without proper investment in skills, people languish on the margins of society, technological progress does not translate into growth, and countries are unable to compete in increasingly knowledge-based global economies. Effective skills systems connect skills with economic development to deliver prosperity and social cohesion.

The OECD Skills Strategy provides countries with a framework to analyse their strengths and weaknesses as a basis for taking concrete actions according to the three pillars that comprise a national skills system: 1) developing relevant skills from childhood to adulthood; 2) activating these skills in the labour market, and 3) using these skills effectively in the economy and society. This diagnostic report presents the main outcomes of Korea’s collaborative project with the OECD, which ran from July 2013 to February 2014. It identifies 12 skills challenges that need to be addressed to build a more effective skills system in Korea.

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Entrepreneurship

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entrepreneurship

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182

Lifelong learning

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lifelong-learning

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400

Occupational qualification

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occupational-qualification

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409

School-to-work transition

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school-to-work-transition

Identifier

652

Skills anticipation

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skills-anticipation

Identifier

677

Women

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women

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318

Regions:

Asia and the Pacific

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Countries and territories:

Republic of Korea

Trends and skill needs in tourism

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Document

Content Type:

Trends and skill needs in tourism

Language:

English

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english

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skpEng

Sources:

Other sources

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skpOSource

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other-sources

Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

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skpAFSN

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anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

07 Nov 2015

Open

wcmstest4_156253.pdf

Tourism is very important for the European economy. It accounts for 5 % of direct employment and proportion of European GDP and has a tremendous multiplying effect over other economic sectors, enjoying forecast stable growth for the future. Tourism has one of the highest labour mobility rates across Europe, permitting discussion of the emergence of a truly European economic sector and a labour market with a truly European dimension. Thus, the discussion about new occupations and future skill needs for the sector in Europe has a particular significance.

This publication is based on the proceedings of the international workshop Trends and skill needs in the tourism sector held in Halle, Germany, 29-30 April 2004, which highlighted the latest trends and skill needs in the hotel, catering and tourism sector from an international perspective.

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Food and beverage industries

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food-and-beverage-industries

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213

Hotel industry

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hotel-industry

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236

Job matching

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job-matching

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649

Skills anticipation

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skills-anticipation

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677

Skills mismatch

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skills-mismatch

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654

Tourism

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tourism

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243

Regions:

Europe and Central Asia

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Skills matching and labour mobility: A policy position paper of the ASEAN Confederation of Employers

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Document

Content Type:

															Skills matching and labour mobility: A policy position paper of the ASEAN Confederation of Employers
													

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English

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english

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skpEng

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Employers' organizations

Employers invest in training in order to improve productivity, innovate and adopt new technologies, and compete in changing markets. Case studies and research from individual employers and associations of employers on the Global KSP deal with apprenticeship and workplace skills provision, quality assurance and governance of training institutions, and employers’ roles in anticipating skill needs and in influencing national and sector policies on skills development.

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skpEmp

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employers-organizations

ILO

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skpILO

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ilo

Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

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skpAFSN

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anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs

Migrant workers

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According to the ILO global estimates on migrant workers, there were around 164 million migrant workers in 2017.

Migrant workers contribute to growth and development in their countries of destination, while countries of origin greatly benefit from their remittances and the skills acquired during their migration experience. Yet, many migrant workers face challenges in accessing quality training and decent jobs including under-utilization of skills, a lack of employment or training opportunities, lack of information, and exploitation of low-skilled workers.

To address these challenges, countries need to strengthen skills anticipation systems to inform migration policies, increase access to education and training, and establish bilateral or multilateral recognition of qualifications and skills.

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skpMigWor

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migrant-workers

Knowledge Products:

Other knowledge products

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skpOProduct

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other-knowledge-products

Research papers

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skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

05 Nov 2015

Open

wcmstest4_155853.pdf

In preparation for ASEAN economic integration in 2015 the ASEAN Confederation of Employers (ACE) adopted an Employers’ policy framework for sustainable labour migration in the ASEAN region. In this framework ACE identifies five key areas requiring the attention of ASEAN businesses and policymakers in order to achieve effective labour mobility in 2015 and beyond:

- better matching of workers’ skills and employers’ labour demands;
- increasing productivity and migrant workers’ safety and health at the workplace;
- effective recruitment procedures to facilitate labour migration;
- enhancing competitiveness through embracing diversity; and
- a commitment to combating forced labour and human trafficking.

This paper will outline in broader detail ACE’s policy positions on skills matching and labour mobility in the AEC to be taken forward by ACE members when engaging national policy-makers on the necessary reforms, policies, and programmes, required for effective integration in 2015.

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Employers

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employers

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672

Migrant workers

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migrant-workers

Identifier

681

Skills anticipation

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skills-anticipation

Identifier

677

Skills mismatch

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skills-mismatch

Identifier

654

Skills re-training

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skills-re-training

Identifier

655

Regions:

Asia and the Pacific

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Anticipating and matching skills and jobs

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Anticipating and matching skills and jobs

Language:

English

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english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

ILO

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Identifier

skpILO

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ilo

Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

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Identifier

skpAFSN

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anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs

Knowledge Products:

Policy and strategy

Recommendations and advice on resolving policy challenges related to skills development systems and their linkages to the world of work. Concise syntheses of experience from the international organizations.

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skpPolOp

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policy-and-strategy

Publication Date:

04 Nov 2015

Open

wcmstest4_155653.pdf

Many countries are experiencing a persistent gap between the skills needed in the labour market and those offered by the workforce. Skills anticipation is a strategic and systematic process through which labour market actors identify and prepare to meet future skills needs, thus helping to avoid potential gaps between skills demand and supply. Skills anticipation enables training providers, young people, policy-makers, employers and workers to make better educational and training choices, and through institutional mechanisms and information resources leads to improved use of skills and human capital development. This guidance note explains the key components of skills anticipation systems, including data, methodologies, tools and institutions.

Subject Tags:

Gender equality

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gender-equality

Identifier

144

Lifelong learning

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lifelong-learning

Identifier

400

Skills and training policy

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skills-and-training-policy

Identifier

666

Skills anticipation

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skills-anticipation

Identifier

677

Skills mismatch

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skills-mismatch

Identifier

654

Regions:

Global

The role of employment service providers: Guide to anticipating and matching skills and jobs Vol. 4

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															The role of employment service providers: Guide to anticipating and matching skills and jobs Vol. 4
													

Language:

English

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english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

ILO

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Identifier

skpILO

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ilo

Other sources

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skpOSource

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other-sources

Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

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skpAFSN

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anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs

Career guidance and employment services

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Career guidance and counselling, career education and lifelong development of skills for employability are key for success in learning activities, effective career transitions, livelihood planning, entrepreneurship and in increasing labour market participation. They are instrumental in promoting skills utilization, recognition (RPL), as well as in improving enterprise human resource management.

Career development activities encompass a wide variety of support activities including career information and advice, counselling, work exposure (e.g. job shadowing, work experience periods), assessment, coaching, mentoring, professional networking, advocacy, basic and employability skills training (curricular and non-curricular) and entrepreneurship training. It is often an area which is fragmented across different ministries (e.g. education, TVET, employment, youth) requiring an effort to achieve the necessary coordination to provide adequate support to individuals during learning, employment and unemployment/inactivity periods.

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skpLMIES

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career-guidance-and-employment-services

Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice.

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skpCaseStdy

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case-studies-and-good-practices

Other knowledge products

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skpOProduct

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other-knowledge-products

Publication Date:

20 Oct 2015

Open

wcmstest4_154453.pdf

This publication is a part of the ETF, ILO and Cedefop series of guides on skills anticipation and matching. It covers the role of employment service providers in skills anticipation and matching and aims to support transition and developing countries in establishing and strengthening the role of these providers. It identifies outstanding initiatives and good practices from around the world, and gives insights into strategic choices and experimental practices that different countries have undertaken in their attempts to match skills supply with labour market demands. The examples provided make this publication a useful tool for labour market actors such as training providers, guidance and counselling officers, administrators and researchers. It is especially valuable for managers and professionals working in organisations that provide employment services.

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Skills anticipation

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skills-anticipation

Identifier

677

Skills mismatch

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skills-mismatch

Identifier

654

Regions:

World Economic Forum: Outlook on the Global Agenda 2015

Type:

Document

Content Type:

World Economic Forum: Outlook on the Global Agenda 2015

Language:

English

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english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

Other sources

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Identifier

skpOSource

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other-sources

Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

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Identifier

skpAFSN

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anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

28 Jul 2015

Open

wcmstest4_149856.pdf

The Outlook on the Global Agenda 2015 features an analysis of the Top 10 trends which will preoccupy experts for the next 12-18 months as well as the key challenges facing the world’s regions, an overview of global leadership and governance, and the emerging issues that will define our future.

This report makes especial emphasis in the future of work providing an answer to the question: how will the world of work change over the coming years?

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