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Towards a model apprenticeship framework: A comparative analysis of national apprenticeship systems

Towards a model apprenticeship framework: A comparative analysis of national apprenticeship systems

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Towards a model apprenticeship framework: A comparative analysis of national apprenticeship systems
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

ILO

The International Labour Organization is the tripartite U.N. agency that promotes Decent Work through employment, social security, labour standards and social dialogue. Its work on skills development is guided by the conceptual framework on Skills to improve productivity, employment growth, and development agreed in 2008 by representatives of Governments, Employers’ Associations and Workers’ Associations. Research, policy advice, and pilot projects and technical cooperation programmes to apply good practices in different circumstances across its 185 member States aims to boost the employability of workers, the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, and the inclusiveness of economic growth. The ILO Secretariat in offices in 40 countries works with Ministries of Labour, employers’ organizations, and trade unions to integrate skills development into national and sector development strategies in order to better meet current labour market needs and to prepare for the jobs of the future; to expand access to employment-related training so that youth, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are better able to acquire skills and secure productive and decent work; and to improve the ability of public employment services to provide career guidance, maintain labour exchange services, and deliver active labour market programmes.For more information regarding the ILO’s work on skills and employability go to: http://www.ilo.org/skills/lang--en/index.htm; for ILO/Cinterfor's Knowledge Management Plarform, see: http://www.oitcinterfor.org

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Identifier
skpILO
Slug
ilo

International organizations

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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Identifier
skpIntOrg
Slug
international-organizations
Topics:
Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice. 

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Identifier
skpCaseStdy
Slug
case-studies-and-good-practices

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
13 Feb 2014
Open
wcmstest4_108253.pdf
This report contains case studies on eleven countries’ apprenticeship systems, a cross-case analysis and the development of a framework for a model apprenticeship system. The countries chosen, (Australia, Canada, Egypt, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, South Africa, Turkey and United States), reflect a mix of developed and developing countries, with apprenticeship systems of differing stages of maturity.

The country case studies further confirm that better and more broadly available apprenticeships can reduce youth unemployment and poverty when combined with national efforts to spur job growth. The evidence and lessons drawn from their experience provide both motivation and practical recommendations for making apprenticeship a more attractive and a more efficient pathway to productive and decent jobs for more young people.
Subject Tags:
Slug
apprenticeships
Identifier
639
Regions:

Africa

Region Image

Americas

Region Image
Countries and territories:

Responding to worker displacement: A collection of case studies

Responding to worker displacement: A collection of case studies

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Responding to worker displacement: A collection of case studies
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

ILO

The International Labour Organization is the tripartite U.N. agency that promotes Decent Work through employment, social security, labour standards and social dialogue. Its work on skills development is guided by the conceptual framework on Skills to improve productivity, employment growth, and development agreed in 2008 by representatives of Governments, Employers’ Associations and Workers’ Associations. Research, policy advice, and pilot projects and technical cooperation programmes to apply good practices in different circumstances across its 185 member States aims to boost the employability of workers, the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, and the inclusiveness of economic growth. The ILO Secretariat in offices in 40 countries works with Ministries of Labour, employers’ organizations, and trade unions to integrate skills development into national and sector development strategies in order to better meet current labour market needs and to prepare for the jobs of the future; to expand access to employment-related training so that youth, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are better able to acquire skills and secure productive and decent work; and to improve the ability of public employment services to provide career guidance, maintain labour exchange services, and deliver active labour market programmes.For more information regarding the ILO’s work on skills and employability go to: http://www.ilo.org/skills/lang--en/index.htm; for ILO/Cinterfor's Knowledge Management Plarform, see: http://www.oitcinterfor.org

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Identifier
skpILO
Slug
ilo
Topics:

Career guidance and employment services

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Career guidance and counselling, career education and lifelong development of skills for employability are key for success in learning activities, effective career transitions, livelihood planning, entrepreneurship and in increasing labour market participation. They are instrumental in promoting skills utilization, recognition (RPL), as well as in improving enterprise human resource management.

Career development activities encompass a wide variety of support activities including career information and advice, counselling, work exposure (e.g. job shadowing, work experience periods), assessment, coaching, mentoring, professional networking, advocacy, basic and employability skills training (curricular and non-curricular) and entrepreneurship training. It is often an area which is fragmented across different ministries (e.g. education, TVET, employment, youth) requiring an effort to achieve the necessary coordination to provide adequate support to individuals during learning, employment and unemployment/inactivity periods.
 

Identifier
skpLMIES
Slug
career-guidance-and-employment-services
Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice. 

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Identifier
skpCaseStdy
Slug
case-studies-and-good-practices
Publication Date:
16 Oct 2013
Open
wcmstest4_080645.pdf
This publication is intended as a companion reader to an earlier publication ‘A Guide to worker displacement: Some tools for reducing the impact on workers, communities and enterprises’ (ILO; 2001, 2009). The collection presents examples from Australia, China, the Czech Republic, Egypt, Germany, Mexico, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Each case study illustrates the principles for fair responses which have been set out in the Guide and collectively demonstrate the diversity of actions which have resulted from effective social dialogue and collaborative interaction in managing labour market adjustments under a variety of circumstances.
Subject Tags:

Private sector

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private-sector
Identifier
229

Skills re-training

Slug
skills-re-training
Identifier
655

Vocational training

Slug
vocational-training
Identifier
124
Regions:
Countries and territories:

Comparative analyses: Work-based learning programmes for young people in the Mediterranean region

Comparative analyses: Work-based learning programmes for young people in the Mediterranean region

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Comparative analyses: Work-based learning programmes for young people in the Mediterranean region
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Bilateral organizations

The development agencies of many countries make skills development a pillar of their Official Development Assistance – from the perspective of education systems, employment promotion, poverty reduction, and private sector development. Documentation of their experience, evaluations and impact assessments, mission statements, and other knowledge products are made available through the Global KSP.

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Identifier
skpBiOrg
Slug
bilateral-organizations
Topics:

Youth employability

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Globally, nearly 68 million young women and men are looking for and available for work,  and an estimated 123 million young people are working but living in poverty. The number who are not in employment, education or training (NEET) stands at 267 million, a majority of whom are young women. Significantly, young people are three times as likely as adults (25 years and older) to be unemployed.

Skills development is a primary means of enabling young people to make a smooth transition to work. A comprehensive approach is required to integrate young women and men in the labour market, including relevant and quality skills training, labour market information, career guidance and employment services, recognition of prior learning, incorporating entrepreneurship with training and effective skills forecasting. Improved basic education and core work skills are particularly important to enable youth to engage in lifelong learning as well as transition to the labour market. 

Identifier
skpYoEmp
Slug
youth-employability
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
04 Oct 2013
Open
wcmstest4_084245.pdf
The report examines programmes for youth that combine learning in classrooms with participation in work. Such programmes raise special issues for public policy, as they require cooperation between employers and educational institutions, between the public and private sectors, and between education, labour market, economic and social policies. It draws on the experiences of ten Mediterranean countries: Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Syria, Tunisia and Turkey. The paper describes some of the contextual factors that can influence the nature and extent of work-based learning programmes for young people and looks at some evidence from the research and policy literature on the potential benefits of combining work with learning.
Subject Tags:
Slug
apprenticeships
Identifier
639

Vocational training

Slug
vocational-training
Identifier
124

Youth

Slug
youth
Identifier
319
Regions:

Africa

Region Image

Arab States

Region Image
Countries and territories:

Reforming technical and vocational education and training in the Middle East and North Africa: Experiences and challenges

Reforming technical and vocational education and training in the Middle East and North Africa: Experiences and challenges

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Reforming technical and vocational education and training in the Middle East and North Africa: Experiences and challenges
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Bilateral organizations

The development agencies of many countries make skills development a pillar of their Official Development Assistance – from the perspective of education systems, employment promotion, poverty reduction, and private sector development. Documentation of their experience, evaluations and impact assessments, mission statements, and other knowledge products are made available through the Global KSP.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpBiOrg
Slug
bilateral-organizations

International organizations

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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Identifier
skpIntOrg
Slug
international-organizations
Topics:

Financing of training

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Initial education and training and lifelong learning benefit individuals, employers and society as a whole. Economic principles dictate that the costs for services with public and private benefits should be shared between public and private funding, or else too little training will be provided or taken up. Effective mechanisms for financing skills development vary according to countries’ economic and political circumstances and the degree and level of social dialogue established.

Identifier
skpFinanT
Slug
financing-training

Participation of employers' and workers' organizations

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The world of learning and the world of work are separate but linked. While one involves learning, the other produces goods and services. Neither can thrive without the other. Strong partnerships between government, employers and workers help ensure the relevance of training to the changing needs of enterprises and labour markets. 

Identifier
skpPSP
Slug
participation-of-employers-and-workers-organizations

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier
skpTrainQR
Slug
training-quality-and-relevance
Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpCaseStdy
Slug
case-studies-and-good-practices

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
02 Aug 2013
Open
wcmstest4_062845.pdf
The report is the result of an analysis of the main challenges for the reform of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in the Middle East and North Africa, undertaken jointly by the European Training Foundation (ETF) and the World Bank. The role of TVET in the provision of quality and relevant learning opportunities in the region is explored around five themes: improving governance, financing, quality and relevance, the role of the private sector and the acquisition of skills in the informal sector. Key findings from country reviews of Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Tunisia are presented in the report. It concludes that: the role of TVET needs to be refocused as an instrument for the knowledge economy; TVET needs to be inclusive of social partners; accountability mechanisms and decentralisation need to be developed for public provision of training services; improved relevance, better quality and increased opportunity for lifelong learning need new sources of funding and new funding mechanisms; the current quality innovations need to be within a larger framework for reform; the limited capacity which constrains the participation of the private sector needs to be addressed; and learning opportunities for informal sector workers need to be developed in partnership with non-government organisations.
Subject Tags:
Slug
apprenticeships
Identifier
639

Financing training

Slug
financing-training
Identifier
673

Public private partnerships

Slug
public-private-partnerships
Identifier
138

TVET systems

Slug
tvet-systems
Identifier
661
Regions:

Africa

Region Image

Arab States

Region Image
Countries and territories:

Anticipating and matching skills demand and supply: Synthesis of national reports

Anticipating and matching skills demand and supply: Synthesis of national reports

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Anticipating and matching skills demand and supply: Synthesis of national reports
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Bilateral organizations

The development agencies of many countries make skills development a pillar of their Official Development Assistance – from the perspective of education systems, employment promotion, poverty reduction, and private sector development. Documentation of their experience, evaluations and impact assessments, mission statements, and other knowledge products are made available through the Global KSP.

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Identifier
skpBiOrg
Slug
bilateral-organizations
Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

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Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions. 

Identifier
skpAFSN
Slug
anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers

Statistical information

Data produced by the international organizations and countries on trends in skills provision, demand, and employment outcomes to help inform policy-making and monitoring processes.

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Identifier
skpStatInfo
Slug
statistical-information
Publication Date:
01 Aug 2013
Open
wcmstest4_061445.pdf
The synthesis draws on country reports from Croatia, Egypt, Kyrgyzstan, the Republic of Moldova, Montenegro, Serbia, Turkey and Ukraine. These eight countries differ in many respects, including size, economic structures, location, history and institutional background, but three particular groups may be distinguished: transition countries which were part of the former Soviet Union, transition countries from former Yugoslavia, and Mediterranean countries.

This report looks at the experience of anticipation and matching of the demand for and supply of skills in these countries, drawing upon a broad range of previous work in this area. It analyses the practices described in the country reports on the basis of a conceptual framework that distinguishes matching and anticipation as different sets of practices performed by various kinds of actors and shaped by institutional and organisational frameworks.
Subject Tags:

Skills anticipation

Slug
skills-anticipation
Identifier
677

Skills indicators

Slug
skills-indicators
Identifier
653
Regions:

Africa

Region Image
Countries and territories:

Entrepreneurship education in the Arab States: Case studies and regional synthesis report

Entrepreneurship education in the Arab States: Case studies and regional synthesis report

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Entrepreneurship education in the Arab States: Case studies and regional synthesis report
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

International organizations

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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Identifier
skpIntOrg
Slug
international-organizations

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

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Identifier
skpOSource
Slug
other-sources
Topics:

Youth employability

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Globally, nearly 68 million young women and men are looking for and available for work,  and an estimated 123 million young people are working but living in poverty. The number who are not in employment, education or training (NEET) stands at 267 million, a majority of whom are young women. Significantly, young people are three times as likely as adults (25 years and older) to be unemployed.

Skills development is a primary means of enabling young people to make a smooth transition to work. A comprehensive approach is required to integrate young women and men in the labour market, including relevant and quality skills training, labour market information, career guidance and employment services, recognition of prior learning, incorporating entrepreneurship with training and effective skills forecasting. Improved basic education and core work skills are particularly important to enable youth to engage in lifelong learning as well as transition to the labour market. 

Identifier
skpYoEmp
Slug
youth-employability
Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpCaseStdy
Slug
case-studies-and-good-practices

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
12 Jul 2013
Open
wcmstest4_055647.pdf
A joint project of UNESCO and the StratREAL Foundation, United Kingdom The publication comprises four case studies on entrepreneurship education in Egypt, Jordan, Oman and Tunisia, as well as a regional synthesis report of the project entitled “Entrepreneurship Education in the Arab States”. The project, that was jointly implemented by the UNESCO-UNEVOC International Centre and the UNESCO Regional Bureau in Beirut and funded by the StratREAL Foundation (UK), aimed to support Arab countries in the development of educational policies and programmes to include the concept of “entrepreneurship” in their formal education systems.

The case studies and report assess the status of entrepreneurship education in the educational systems in the Arab States. In addition, they identify examples of good practice that already exist in the region. The document is an important input for countries that aim to develop strategic plans for the incorporation of entrepreneurship education into their educational systems.
Subject Tags:

Entrepreneurship

Slug
entrepreneurship
Identifier
182

Vocational training

Slug
vocational-training
Identifier
124
Regions:

Arab States

Region Image
Countries and territories:

Social partners in vocational education and training in the Southern Mediterranean

Social partners in vocational education and training in the Southern Mediterranean

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Social partners in vocational education and training in the Southern Mediterranean
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Bilateral organizations

The development agencies of many countries make skills development a pillar of their Official Development Assistance – from the perspective of education systems, employment promotion, poverty reduction, and private sector development. Documentation of their experience, evaluations and impact assessments, mission statements, and other knowledge products are made available through the Global KSP.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpBiOrg
Slug
bilateral-organizations
Topics:

Participation of employers' and workers' organizations

Thumbnail

The world of learning and the world of work are separate but linked. While one involves learning, the other produces goods and services. Neither can thrive without the other. Strong partnerships between government, employers and workers help ensure the relevance of training to the changing needs of enterprises and labour markets. 

Identifier
skpPSP
Slug
participation-of-employers-and-workers-organizations
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
11 Jul 2013
Open
wcmstest4_055455.pdf
The study provides a comprehensive analysis of social partnership in vocational education and training (VET) in eight southern Mediterranean countries (Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, the occupied Palestinian Territory, Syria and Tunisia). It explores policy options within the different national contexts, specifically in terms of how to improve the participation of social partners in the field of human capital development in the context of lifelong learning. The study describes and analyses, country by country, the role of social partners in policy making and implementation in VET. The different stages of development of social partnership in the region are identified and discussed. The paper concludes with recommendations for policy development.
Subject Tags:

Lifelong learning

Slug
lifelong-learning
Identifier
400

Vocational training

Slug
vocational-training
Identifier
124
Regions:

Africa

Region Image

Arab States

Region Image
Countries and territories:

Union for the Mediterranean regional employability review: The challenge of youth employment in the Mediterranean

Union for the Mediterranean regional employability review: The challenge of youth employment in the Mediterranean

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Union for the Mediterranean regional employability review: The challenge of youth employment in the Mediterranean
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Bilateral organizations

The development agencies of many countries make skills development a pillar of their Official Development Assistance – from the perspective of education systems, employment promotion, poverty reduction, and private sector development. Documentation of their experience, evaluations and impact assessments, mission statements, and other knowledge products are made available through the Global KSP.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpBiOrg
Slug
bilateral-organizations
Topics:

Youth employability

Thumbnail

Globally, nearly 68 million young women and men are looking for and available for work,  and an estimated 123 million young people are working but living in poverty. The number who are not in employment, education or training (NEET) stands at 267 million, a majority of whom are young women. Significantly, young people are three times as likely as adults (25 years and older) to be unemployed.

Skills development is a primary means of enabling young people to make a smooth transition to work. A comprehensive approach is required to integrate young women and men in the labour market, including relevant and quality skills training, labour market information, career guidance and employment services, recognition of prior learning, incorporating entrepreneurship with training and effective skills forecasting. Improved basic education and core work skills are particularly important to enable youth to engage in lifelong learning as well as transition to the labour market. 

Identifier
skpYoEmp
Slug
youth-employability
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
04 Jul 2013
Open
wcmstest4_054047.pdf
The report focuses on the issue of youth and female employment and employability in 14 Mediterranean countries. Employability is a complex concept and a transversal issue, encompassing all initial education and knowledge, skills, experience and intercultural competences required to succeed in the labour market. Hence, it depends on many different factors: human capital education and training, but also socioeconomic and personal factors, macroeconomic perspectives and labour demand, and the institutional determinants of the job search and matching processes. All these factors are analysed throughout the report.

The paper reviews the initiatives that have already been implemented in different countries to enhance youth employability and concludes with some elements for an agenda for national employability policies and Euro-Mediterranean cooperation.
Subject Tags:

Employability

Slug
employability
Identifier
643
Regions:

Africa

Region Image

Arab States

Region Image
Countries and territories:

Skills development for the informal economy: Issues and options in vocational education and training in the Southern partner countries of the European Neighbourhood Policy

Skills development for the informal economy: Issues and options in vocational education and training in the Southern partner countries of the European Neighbourhood Policy

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Skills development for the informal economy: Issues and options in vocational education and training in the Southern partner countries of the European Neighbourhood Policy
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

International organizations

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpIntOrg
Slug
international-organizations

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpOSource
Slug
other-sources
Topics:

Access to training

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Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.  

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business. 
 

Identifier
skpATSU
Slug
access-to-training

Training quality and relevance

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpTrainQR
Slug
training-quality-and-relevance
Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpCaseStdy
Slug
case-studies-and-good-practices

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
03 Jul 2013
Open
wcmstest4_053845.pdf
In its cooperation with partner countries outside the European Union, the European Commission has long been concerned with the development of human resources. Since 1995, the European Union has supported much needed reforms in technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in most Mediterranean partner countries through multiple projects.

The report focuses on nine Mediterranean countries which, while differing in many ways, also share characteristics. They all made major efforts in broadening access to education and training, but the gains thereof in terms of widespread income improvements are yet to materialize. Most countries have severe problems in balancing labour supply and demand. Their labour force participation rates are lower and their unemployment rates are higher than those of most countries outside the region. They all have significant and growing informal economies in which currently between 30 and 60 per cent of the labour force try and make a living without being covered by formal arrangements such as foreseen in regulation and legislation.

The report reviews what the countries in MENA region do to overcome informality at work and skill deficits. It provides policy recommendations for boosting skills of the working poor and integrating these measures into broader human development strategies.
Subject Tags:

Informal economy

Slug
informal-economy
Identifier
187

Vocational training

Slug
vocational-training
Identifier
124

Working poor

Slug
working-poor
Identifier
150
Regions:

Africa

Region Image

Arab States

Region Image
Countries and territories:

Informal apprenticeship in the micro and small enterprises (MSEs): Alternative approach

Informal apprenticeship in the micro and small enterprises (MSEs): Alternative approach

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Informal apprenticeship in the micro and small enterprises (MSEs): Alternative approach
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

ILO

The International Labour Organization is the tripartite U.N. agency that promotes Decent Work through employment, social security, labour standards and social dialogue. Its work on skills development is guided by the conceptual framework on Skills to improve productivity, employment growth, and development agreed in 2008 by representatives of Governments, Employers’ Associations and Workers’ Associations. Research, policy advice, and pilot projects and technical cooperation programmes to apply good practices in different circumstances across its 185 member States aims to boost the employability of workers, the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, and the inclusiveness of economic growth. The ILO Secretariat in offices in 40 countries works with Ministries of Labour, employers’ organizations, and trade unions to integrate skills development into national and sector development strategies in order to better meet current labour market needs and to prepare for the jobs of the future; to expand access to employment-related training so that youth, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are better able to acquire skills and secure productive and decent work; and to improve the ability of public employment services to provide career guidance, maintain labour exchange services, and deliver active labour market programmes.For more information regarding the ILO’s work on skills and employability go to: http://www.ilo.org/skills/lang--en/index.htm; for ILO/Cinterfor's Knowledge Management Plarform, see: http://www.oitcinterfor.org

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpILO
Slug
ilo
Topics:
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
26 Jun 2013
Open
wcmstest4_052841.pdf
This empirical study aims to enhance understanding of how the informal apprenticeship system in Egypt functions. The study identifies the system’s main weaknesses and strengths, motives to pursue an apprenticeship and provides recommendations on how to improve the system.
Subject Tags:

Survey

Slug
survey
Identifier
611

TVET systems

Slug
tvet-systems
Identifier
661

Vocational training

Slug
vocational-training
Identifier
124

Youth

Slug
youth
Identifier
319
Regions:

Africa

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Countries and territories:
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