Africa

The changing faces of the South African national qualifications framework

Type:

Document

Content Type:

The changing faces of the South African national qualifications framework

Language:

The International Labour Organization is the tripartite U.N. agency that promotes Decent Work through employment, social security, labour standards and social dialogue. Its work on skills development is guided by the conceptual framework on Skills to improve productivity, employment growth, and development agreed in 2008 by representatives of Governments, Employers’ Associations and Workers’ Associations. Research, policy advice, and pilot projects and technical cooperation programmes to apply good practices in different circumstances across its 185 member States aims to boost the employability of workers, the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, and the inclusiveness of economic growth. The ILO Secretariat in offices in 40 countries works with Ministries of Labour, employers’ organizations, and trade unions to integrate skills development into national and sector development strategies in order to better meet current labour market needs and to prepare for the jobs of the future; to expand access to employment-related training so that youth, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are better able to acquire skills and secure productive and decent work; and to improve the ability of public employment services to provide career guidance, maintain labour exchange services, and deliver active labour market programmes.For more information regarding the ILO’s work on skills and employability go to: http://www.ilo.org/skills/lang--en/index.htm; for ILO/Cinterfor's Knowledge Management Plarform, see: http://www.oitcinterfor.org

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Identifier

skpILO

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ilo

Topics:

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier

skpTrainQR

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training-quality-and-relevance

Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice.

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Identifier

skpCaseStdy

Slug

case-studies-and-good-practices

Publication Date:

22 Mar 2013

Open

wcmstest4_034830.pdf

In 2009, the ILO launched a research programme on the implementation of National Qualifications Frameworks (NQFs) and their use and impact. The research produced empirical evidence and analysis of countries' experiences as a basis for advising countries on whether and, if so, then how to introduce a qualifications framework as part of a strategy to achieve their wider skills development and employment goals. In partnership with the European Training Foundation, a dozen country studies examined the extent to which qualifications frameworks are achieving policy objectives and which types of qualifications frameworks may be appropriate in which contexts. This paper is one of the case studies conducted as part of the research and appears as a chapter in Employment Working Paper No. 45 done in 2009, ‘Learning from the first qualifications frameworks’.

Subject Tags:

Slug

industry-skills-councils

Identifier

646

Occupational qualification

Slug

occupational-qualification

Identifier

409

Qualification frameworks

Slug

qualification-frameworks

Identifier

651

Skills recognition

Slug

skills-recognition

Identifier

656

Vocational training

Slug

vocational-training

Identifier

124

Regions:

Region Image

Countries and territories:

South Africa

Participation in formal TVET programmes worldwide: An initial statistical study

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Participation in formal TVET programmes worldwide: An initial statistical study

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

International organizations

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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skpIntOrg

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international-organizations

Topics:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues.

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Statistical information

Data produced by the international organizations and countries on trends in skills provision, demand, and employment outcomes to help inform policy-making and monitoring processes.

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Identifier

skpStatInfo

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statistical-information

Publication Date:

20 Mar 2013

Open

wcmstest4_034027.pdf

The report "Participation in Formal Technical and Vocational Education and Training Programmes Worldwide - An Initial Statistical Study" aims to stimulate an important process to fill the information gap existing in the area of comparable quantitative data and indicators on global TVET participation.

It presents one of the most comprehensive statistical analyses to date of enrolments in formal technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in the world. It is an international, comparative study that describes access to formal TVET by level, age and gender.

The report addresses three main questions:
What statistical data currently exists on formal TVET in the world?
What are the potential benefits and limitations of statistical analyses of existing data?
What are the next steps towards the improvement of TVET data collection and analysis?

The target audience for the report includes TVET policymakers, donors, researchers, practitioners, administrators and education planners.

Subject Tags:

Apprenticeships

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apprenticeships

Identifier

639

TVET systems

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tvet-systems

Identifier

661

Regions:

Africa

Region Image

Global

Mauritius: The Education and Human Resource Development Plan 2008 – 2020

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Mauritius: The Education and Human Resource Development Plan 2008 – 2020

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

Governments

Governments hold a wealth of knowledge on skills development, and are increasingly realizing the value of learning from each others’ experiences. Their policy documents, programme evaluations, and research findings contain their experience and ideas on how to better link skills to employment

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skpGov

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governments

Topics:

Access to training

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Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business.

Identifier

skpATSU

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access-to-training

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier

skpTrainQR

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training-quality-and-relevance

Knowledge Products:

National policies and initiatives

National legislation, policies and initiatives on the issue of training and skills development and the world of work.

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Identifier

skpNatPol

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national-policies-and-initiatives

Publication Date:

19 Mar 2013

Open

wcmstest4_033826.pdf

The Education and Human Resource Development Plan 2008 – 2020 recognises TVET as an instrument for meeting labour market needs in skilled manpower. It acknowledges current weaknesses of TVET and calls for reforms aimed at improving governance, access, financing, quality, relevance, private sector participation and acquisition of skills in a non-formal and informal way.
The overall goal is to create an efficient TVET system responsive to the present and future needs by providing a skilled and flexible workforce for sustainable development. To achieve this goal, the Plan defines six strategic goals:
1. Increase access and improve equity in TVET;
2. Improve articulation between TVET and general education;
3. Enhance the quality and relevance of TVET;
4. Strengthen management of the TVET system;
5. Sustain funding for TVET;
6. Make Mauritius a Regional Hub for TVET.

Subject Tags:

Human resources development

Slug

human-resources-development

Identifier

118

Lifelong learning

Slug

lifelong-learning

Identifier

400

TVET systems

Slug

tvet-systems

Identifier

661

Regions:

Africa

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Countries and territories:

Mauritius

Los empleos verdes se vuelven realidad: progreso y perspectivas para 2012

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Los empleos verdes se vuelven realidad: progreso y perspectivas para 2012

Language:

Spanish

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spanish

Identifier

skpEsp

Sources:

ILO

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Identifier

skpILO

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ilo

Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

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Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions.

Identifier

skpAFSN

Slug

anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs

Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice.

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Identifier

skpCaseStdy

Slug

case-studies-and-good-practices

Publication Date:

19 Mar 2013

Open

Los empleos verdes se vuelven realidad: progreso y perspectivas para 2012

La Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) tiene como objetivo la promoción de un trabajo decente y productivo para hombres y mujeres. Este objetivo es amenazado por las dos principales preocupaciones del siglo 21: l degradación del medio ambiente causada por actividades económicas y la creciente pobreza de una población en expansión.

El objetivo del Programa empleos verdes de la OIT es promover un desarrollo económico y social sostenible en términos de medio ambiente, para enfrentarse a esos problemas. Los empleos verdes permiten generar un empleo alternativo – un empleo que pueda tener un impacto reducido sobre el medio ambiente. El programa promueve empleos verdes en el contexto tripartito único que es el de la organización, que agrupa representantes de gobiernos, empleadores y empleados que hacen decisiones conjuntas sobre políticas y programas.

Este informe presenta las actividades que fueron llevadas a cabo por el programa durante el último bienio (2010-2011) y muestra como estas actividades contribuyen a los objetivos del programa. El informe evalúa tres preguntas fundamentales:

• ¿Porqué los empleos verdes son una necesidad?
• ¿Cuáles fueron los resultados alcanzados, a nivel nacional e internacional, por el programa Empleos Verdes?
• ¿Cuál es el porvenir de los empleos verdes y del desarrollo sostenible?

Subject Tags:

Entrepreneurship

Slug

entrepreneurship

Identifier

182

Environment

Slug

environment

Identifier

339

Green skills

Slug

green-skills

Identifier

645

Skills anticipation

Slug

skills-anticipation

Identifier

677

Sustainable development

Slug

sustainable-development

Identifier

658

Regions:

Africa

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Americas

Region Image

Asia and the Pacific

Region Image

Countries and territories:

Bangladesh

Bangladesh has a strong track record of growth and development, even in times of elevated global uncertainty. A robust demographic dividend, strong ready-made garment exports, resilient remittance inflows, and stable macroeconomic conditions have supported rapid economic growth over the past two decades. A strong recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic continued in FY22, although a recent surge in commodity prices has presented new headwinds.

Bangladesh reached lower-middle income status in 2015. It is on track to graduate from the UN’s Least Developed Countries list in 2026. Poverty declined from 43.5 percent in 1991 to 14.3 percent in 2016, based on the international poverty line of $1.90 a day (1).

Like many of its Asian neighbours, Bangladesh faces a major challenge trying to develop modern, employability skills for tens of millions of young women and men. It has a large informal sector, which accounts for 94.7 percent of the total employment in 2017 (2). Youth continue to be highly affected by the lack of opportunities, with the share of youth aged 15-24 not in employment, education or training (NEET), estimated at 27.8 percent in 2020 (3).

TVET has a huge role to play in equipping the vast young labour force of 15-29 years referred to as the country’s “demographic dividend” with employability skills and providing enhanced support services to ensure a better transition from school to work. TVET may also contribute to reducing poverty by providing employability skills, particularly to those who drop out of school early and to a large number of unemployed and underemployed adults.

Despite many reform initiatives by the government, the TVET sector needs further strengthening through reform of policies and systems in the labour market. Enhancing industry-relevance of TVET qualifications will furthermore require closer Government cooperation with the private sector. For one and a half decade, the ILO has worked closely with the Government of Bangladesh and its Social Partners to reform the TVET sector and to improve access for people to increase their skills and employability, in particular youth, women and people from other marginalized groups.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic had detrimental effects on the TVET sector, due to the nation-wide closure of all educational institutes for one and a half years, starting on 17 March 2020. Most students’ learning was effectively abolished for this duration, and learning and certification was only possible through limited online learning facilities in existence at the time. Only recently has the TVET returned to its prior activity level.

The ILO landmark programmes aim to strengthen and improve the environment for industry skills development, address the mismatch between the supply and demand for skills training, and drive the increased employability of millions of young women and men. ILO’s support to develop the skills system in Bangladesh has focused on skills system governance, development of skills policies and qualifications frameworks; delivery of quality skills training, expanding access to TVET, and involvement by the private sector.

Sources

(1) https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bangladesh/overview

(2) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/informality/

(3) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/youth/

Country Assessment and Priority (CAP) – Bangladesh strategy for skills and lifelong learning (2022)

Situation Analysis of Bangladesh TVET Sector (2019) https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—asia/—ro-bangkok/—ilo-dhaka/documents/publication/wcms_735704.pdf_

Brazil

Kenya

Skilling Uganda: BTVET Strategic Plan 2011-2020

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Skilling Uganda: BTVET Strategic Plan 2011-2020

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

Governments

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Identifier

skpGov

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governments

Topics:

National policies and initiatives

National legislation, policies and initiatives on the issue of training and skills development and the world of work.

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Identifier

skpNatPol

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national-policies-and-initiatives

Publication Date:

18 Mar 2013

Open

Skilling Uganda: BTVET Strategic Plan 2011-2020

Final Draft, July 2011

The Business, Technical and Vocational Education and Training (BTVET) Strategic Plan 2011 – 2020 denotes a paradigm shift for skills development in Uganda. An analytical report, which forms the basis of this Strategic Plan, was prepared by a consultant team of national and international experts. The analytical and conceptual work included substantial stakeholder consultation and was benchmarked against international experience in the reform of technical and vocational education and training systems. Five main objectives of the Plan are to:

- make BTVET relevant to productivity development and economic growth;
- increase the quality of skills provision;
- increase equitable access to skills development;
- improve the effectiveness in BTVET management and organisation; and,
- increase internal efficiency and resources available to BTVET.

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Regions:

Africa

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Countries and territories:

Uganda

Entrepreneurship training and self-employment among university graduates: Evidence from a randomized trial in Tunisia

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Entrepreneurship training and self-employment among university graduates: Evidence from a randomized trial in Tunisia
													

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

International organizations

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Identifier

skpIntOrg

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international-organizations

Topics:

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier

skpTrainQR

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training-quality-and-relevance

Youth employability

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Globally, nearly 68 million young women and men are looking for and available for work, and an estimated 123 million young people are working but living in poverty. The number who are not in employment, education or training (NEET) stands at 267 million, a majority of whom are young women. Significantly, young people are three times as likely as adults (25 years and older) to be unemployed.

Skills development is a primary means of enabling young people to make a smooth transition to work. A comprehensive approach is required to integrate young women and men in the labour market, including relevant and quality skills training, labour market information, career guidance and employment services, recognition of prior learning, incorporating entrepreneurship with training and effective skills forecasting. Improved basic education and core work skills are particularly important to enable youth to engage in lifelong learning as well as transition to the labour market.

Identifier

skpYoEmp

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youth-employability

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

15 Mar 2013

Open

Entrepreneurship training and self-employment among university graduates: Evidence from a randomized trial in Tunisia

Policy Research Working Paper 6285

In economies characterized by low labor demand and high rates of youth unemployment, entrepreneurship training has the potential to enable youth to gain skills and create their own jobs. This paper presents experimental evidence on a new entrepreneurship track that provides business training and personalized coaching to university students in Tunisia. Undergraduates in the final year of licence appliquee were given the opportunity to graduate with a business plan instead of following the standard curriculum. This paper relies on randomized assignment of the entrepreneurship track to identify impacts on labor market outcomes one year after graduation. The analysis finds that the entrepreneurship track was effective in increasing self-employment among applicants, but that the effects are small in absolute terms. In addition, the employment rate among participants remains unchanged, pointing to a partial substitution from wage employment to self-employment. The evidence shows that the program fostered business skills, expanded networks, and affected a range of behavioral skills. Participation in the entrepreneurship track also heightened graduates optimism toward the future shortly after the Tunisian revolution.

Subject Tags:

Entrepreneurship

Slug

entrepreneurship

Identifier

182

Regions:

Africa

Region Image

Countries and territories:

Tunisia

Promoting youth opportunities and participation

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Promoting youth opportunities and participation

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

International organizations

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Identifier

skpIntOrg

Slug

international-organizations

Topics:

Youth employability

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Identifier

skpYoEmp

Slug

youth-employability

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

Slug

research-papers

Publication Date:

15 Mar 2013

Open

wcmstest4_150253.pdf

This policy note, based on the Morocco Household and Youth Survey (2009-10), analyzes the aspirations of young Moroccans aged 15 to 29 years, their economic and social circumstances, as well as the institutional factors that hinder their economic and social inclusion. This study adopts a mixed method approach combining an innovative quantitative instrument with qualitative and institutional analysis. The goal is to provide policy makers with a nuanced analysis of barriers to employment and active civic participation that youth face, in order to come up with more effective youth interventions. A wide range of recommendations is identified to support youth inclusive activities and policies, and a roadmap for integrated youth investments. The study reviewed institutions and programs that offer diverse services to young people, including: employment, training opportunities, community participation, summer camps, sports, and recreational activities, which form the foundation for a comprehensive youth program in Morocco. An integrated package of measures aimed at both improving existing services and offering new ones to cover current gaps, is urgently needed to address youth demands for meaningful social and economic inclusion. The report recommends focusing in particular on two key areas: (i) promoting employability, linkages to the labor markets and entrepreneurship and (ii) active youth participation. It concludes by offering recommendations for youth inclusive policies and a plan of integrated youth investments which could expand the scope of employment and participation opportunities currently available.

Subject Tags:

Apprenticeships

Slug

apprenticeships

Identifier

639

Disadvantaged youth

Slug

disadvantaged-youth

Identifier

663

Entrepreneurship

Slug

entrepreneurship

Identifier

182

Vocational training

Slug

vocational-training

Identifier

124

Regions:

Africa

Region Image

Countries and territories:

Morocco

Changing the trajectory: Education and training for youth in Democratic Republic of Congo

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Changing the trajectory: Education and training for youth in Democratic Republic of Congo
													

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

International organizations

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Identifier

skpIntOrg

Slug

international-organizations

Topics:

Access to training

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Identifier

skpATSU

Slug

access-to-training

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier

skpTrainQR

Slug

training-quality-and-relevance

Youth employability

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Identifier

skpYoEmp

Slug

youth-employability

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

Slug

research-papers

Publication Date:

28 Feb 2013

Open

Changing the trajectory: Education and training for youth in Democratic Republic of Congo

World Bank working paper no. 168, Africa human development series

The report provides an analysis of the current educational attainment and current school enrollment of youth and the educational opportunities and training available to them in the formal and informal sectors. Using the results of a simulation model that incorporates enrollment in alternative education programs and the educational level attained by out-of-school population, the report explains the various scenarios for the development of the post-primary sector. The results of each scenario are evaluated according to their impact on the human capital accumulation of young people and sustainability of public expenditures. The report offers various options for rapidly raising the educational achievements of young people who will enter the labor market in the next two decades, including expanding opportunities for alternative education and training for school children, extension of the primary cycle and the reorganization of secondary education and technical/vocational education to reduce early specialization. This study is of interest to other African countries, education professionals and staff development organizations struggling to grapple with the challenge of expanding access to post-primary education in a context of low primary achievement and limited resources.

Subject Tags:

Education and training

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education-and-training

Identifier

116

Vocational training

Slug

vocational-training

Identifier

124

Youth

Slug

youth

Identifier

319

Regions:

Africa

Region Image

Countries and territories:

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Preliminary assessment of training and retraining programmes implemented in response to the Great Recession

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Preliminary assessment of training and retraining programmes implemented in response to the Great Recession
													

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

ILO

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Identifier

skpILO

Slug

ilo

Topics:

Career guidance and employment services

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Career guidance and counselling, career education and lifelong development of skills for employability are key for success in learning activities, effective career transitions, livelihood planning, entrepreneurship and in increasing labour market participation. They are instrumental in promoting skills utilization, recognition (RPL), as well as in improving enterprise human resource management.

Career development activities encompass a wide variety of support activities including career information and advice, counselling, work exposure (e.g. job shadowing, work experience periods), assessment, coaching, mentoring, professional networking, advocacy, basic and employability skills training (curricular and non-curricular) and entrepreneurship training. It is often an area which is fragmented across different ministries (e.g. education, TVET, employment, youth) requiring an effort to achieve the necessary coordination to provide adequate support to individuals during learning, employment and unemployment/inactivity periods.

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skpLMIES

Slug

career-guidance-and-employment-services

Monitoring and evaluation

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Measuring the outcomes of skills systems, policies and targeted programmes is essential in order to monitor and improve their effectiveness and relevance. Elements of sound assessment processes include: institutions to sustain feedback from employers and trainees; mechanisms to track labour market outcomes of training and systems of accountability that use this information; and, quantitative and qualitative labour market information and its dissemination to all stakeholders.

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skpPolPer

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monitoring-and-evaluation

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

Slug

research-papers

Publication Date:

26 Feb 2013

Open

wcmstest4_030226.pdf

Employment Working Paper No. 122 This study carries out a preliminary assessment of the job training and retraining programmes implemented by a representative sample of crisis-affected countries. The review looks at how these programmes are re-connecting displaced workers and the long-term unemployed to the labour market, and how they help prepare workers for the types of jobs created by stimulus packages, including green jobs.

The findings of this paper are based on the analysis of real-time evidence drawn from rigorous reviews of programme implementation, if not yet impact assessments, carried out by national government agencies. Views from employer’s organizations, trade units, bilateral agencies, international organizations and academic institutions complement this analysis.

The review shows that in the midst of the economic crisis the operational factors contributing to an effective intervention depended on policy coordination, good communication among stakeholders, flexible training delivery mechanisms and institutional capabilities.

Subject Tags:

Economic recovery

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economic-recovery

Identifier

667

Employability

Slug

employability

Identifier

643

Green jobs

Slug

green-jobs

Identifier

623

Lifelong learning

Slug

lifelong-learning

Identifier

400

Skills re-training

Slug

skills-re-training

Identifier

655

Regions:

Africa

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Americas

Region Image

Asia and the Pacific

Region Image

Europe and Central Asia

Region Image

Countries and territories:

Belgium

Canada

Germany

Peru

Philippines

Republic of Korea

South Africa

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

United States of America

La gestion du handicap sur le lieu de travail: Recueil de directives pratiques du BIT

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															La gestion du handicap sur le lieu de travail: Recueil de directives pratiques du BIT
													

Language:

French

Slug

french

Identifier

skpFrn

Sources:

ILO

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Identifier

skpILO

Slug

ilo

Topics:

People with disabilities

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Of an estimated 1 billion people with disabilities in the world today, some 785 million are of working age. While many are successfully employed and fully integrated into society, most face a disproportionate level of poverty and unemployment. This is a massive loss both to them and their countries. A strategy of including people with disabilities in training and employment promotion policies, combined with targeted supports to ensure their participation, can help disabled persons obtain productive mainstream employment.

Identifier

skpPeoDis

Slug

people-with-disabilities

Knowledge Products:

Promotional material

Presentations, discussion papers, meeting reports, promotional materials, videos, fact sheets, brochures and newsletters on skills development for employment.

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Identifier

skpAIM

Slug

promotional-material

Publication Date:

26 Feb 2013

Open

wcmstest4_030235.pdf

Subject Tags:

Discrimination

Slug

discrimination

Identifier

260

Occupational safety and health

Slug

occupational-safety-and-health

Identifier

327

People with disabilities

Slug

people-with-disabilities

Identifier

323

Productivity

Slug

productivity

Identifier

188

Regions: