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Human resources development

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human-resources-development
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118

Policy debate: Learning to grow: Beyond the middle-income trap - Singapore as an export model?

Policy debate: Learning to grow: Beyond the middle-income trap - Singapore as an export model?

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Policy debate: Learning to grow: Beyond the middle-income trap - Singapore as an export model?
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

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Identifier
skpOSource
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other-sources
Topics:

Other topic

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Identifier
skpOIssue
Slug
other-topic
Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice. 

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Identifier
skpCaseStdy
Slug
case-studies-and-good-practices

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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Identifier
skpRPS
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research-papers
Publication Date:
22 Sep 2015
International Development Policy | Revue internationale de politique de développement [Online], 5.3 | 2014 The two papers presented in this document are a contribution to the ‘Policy Debate’ section of International Development Policy. In this section, academics, policy-makers and practioners engage in a dialogue on global development challenges. Papers are copy-edited but not peer-reviewed. Instead, the initial thematic contribution is followed by critical comments and reactions from scholars and/or policy-makers.

The debate presented in this document can be pursued on the Journal’s blog http://devpol.hypotheses.org/528 where you are invited to share your reflections under your name. In the initial paper ‘Learning to Grow’, the authors argue that a key challenge for middle-income countries is to avoid ‘the middle-income trap’. In this situation, economic growth has come to a halt and a country is unable to transition to the next level in part due to inadequacies in high-level human capital. Taking the example of Singapore as a country that has avoided the middle-income trap, the authors call for ‘a much closer alignment of policies for human capital and economic development’ and a ‘human capital focussed development strategy’. In his answer, Professor Gopinathan, from the National University of Singapore, analyses some key conditions that were crucial for Singapore’s success and questions whether the model could be exported to other contexts.
Subject Tags:

Human resources development

Slug
human-resources-development
Identifier
118

Skills and training policy

Slug
skills-and-training-policy
Identifier
666
Regions:
Countries and territories:

UNESCO Education Strategy 2014–2021

UNESCO Education Strategy 2014–2021

Type:
Document
Content Type:
UNESCO Education Strategy 2014–2021
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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Identifier
skpIntOrg
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international-organizations
Topics:

Access to training

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Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.  

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business. 
 

Identifier
skpATSU
Slug
access-to-training

Lifelong learning

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There is a critical need for a greater overall investment in education and training, particularly in developing countries. Education and training investments should be closely linked to economic and employment growth strategies and programmes. Responsibility should be shared between the government (primary responsibility), enterprises, the social partners, and the individual. To make lifelong learning for all a reality, countries will need to make major reforms of their vocational and education and training systems. School-to-work schemes for young people should integrate education with workplace learning. Training systems need to become more flexible and responsive to rapidly changing skill requirements. Reforms should also focus on how learning can be facilitated, not just on training for specific occupational categories.

Identifier
skpPSLLL
Slug
lifelong-learning

Other topic

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Identifier
skpOIssue
Slug
other-topic

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier
skpTrainQR
Slug
training-quality-and-relevance
Knowledge Products:

International standards

International conventions and recommendations and other international instruments on human resource and skills development. Strategy papers on the practical application of international standards from international organizations covering issues related to training, effective utilization and development of skills, and on linking skills to employment.

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Identifier
skpISSP
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international-standards
Publication Date:
11 Aug 2015
This publication elaborates on UNESCO’s Medium-Term Strategy (2014–2021), which was drafted by the Organization’s Secretariat and approved by the 37th session of its General Conference in November 2013. It elaborates on the education component of the Medium-Term Strategy. While continuing to focus efforts on the ‘unfinished business’ of the Education for All (EFA), such as literacy, teachers and vocational skills development, UNESCO will lead and advocate for strengthened action towards empowering learners to be creative and responsible citizens.
Subject Tags:

Gender and development

Slug
gender-and-development

Human resources development

Slug
human-resources-development
Identifier
118

Vocational training

Slug
vocational-training
Identifier
124
Regions:

World Economic Forum: Disrupting unemployment: Business-led solutions for action

World Economic Forum: Disrupting unemployment: Business-led solutions for action

Type:
Document
Content Type:
World Economic Forum: Disrupting unemployment: Business-led solutions for action
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

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Identifier
skpOSource
Slug
other-sources
Topics:

Participation of employers' and workers' organizations

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The world of learning and the world of work are separate but linked. While one involves learning, the other produces goods and services. Neither can thrive without the other. Strong partnerships between government, employers and workers help ensure the relevance of training to the changing needs of enterprises and labour markets. 

Identifier
skpPSP
Slug
participation-of-employers-and-workers-organizations
Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice. 

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Identifier
skpCaseStdy
Slug
case-studies-and-good-practices

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
01 Jul 2015
Employment, Skills and Human Capital Global Challenge Insight Report Currently, more than 200 million people are out of a job globally and the numbers are forecast to rise to 215 million jobseekers by 2018. Youth are hit particularly hard by the crisis, with 75 million currently unemployed, making them three times more likely to be out of a job than adults. Add to this the number of inactive 15- to 24-year-olds who are neither in the labour market nor in education or training and there are almost 290 million young people that are neither working nor studying: almost a quarter of the planet’s youth. If these numbers are not daunting enough, it is estimated that nearly 42 million new jobs need to be created annually to match the growing number of entrants into the labour market.

There is a growing role for businesses as providers of solutions to these problems, on their own and in partnership with others. This research points to three key solution areas where businesses can take action to address rising unemployment and the mismatches between what businesses need and the skills of new entrants to the labour market:

– Develop Employment Skills.
– Foster Entrepreneurship.
– Connect Talent to Markets.
Subject Tags:

Human resources development

Slug
human-resources-development
Identifier
118

Private sector

Slug
private-sector
Identifier
229

Public private partnerships

Slug
public-private-partnerships
Identifier
138

Skills mismatch

Slug
skills-mismatch
Identifier
654
Regions:

Tourism, Travel & Hospitality Workforce Development Strategy 2014-2019

Tourism, Travel & Hospitality Workforce Development Strategy 2014-2019

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Tourism, Travel & Hospitality Workforce Development Strategy 2014-2019
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpOSource
Slug
other-sources
Topics:

Sectoral approaches

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Matching skills to labour market demand requires reliable sectoral and occupational information and institutions that connect employers with training providers.  Sector based strategies and institutions have proved effective in engaging all stakeholders in promoting both pre-employment training and life-long learning.

Identifier
skpSectApr
Slug
sectoral-approaches
Knowledge Products:

National policies and initiatives

National legislation, policies and initiatives on the issue of training and skills development and the world of work. 

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Identifier
skpNatPol
Slug
national-policies-and-initiatives
Publication Date:
25 Jun 2015
Second iteration of the Tourism, Travel and Hospitality Workforce Development Strategy The tourism, travel and hospitality industry continues to experience growth and change. With visitor numbers to Australia continuing to expand into new markets, it is crucial that the workforce is suitably skilled and committed, in order to provide appropriate service to meet the demands of all aspects of consumer need.

Given the changing market demands that have emerged since the publication of the strategy, and in order to prepare for tourism activity over the next decade, a review of the framework is appropriate and timely. This second iteration of the Tourism, Travel and Hospitality Workforce Development Strategy outlines a series of priority areas for action that will strengthen the industry and better position it to take advantage of the continued and growing demand for its products and services.
Subject Tags:

Hotel industry

Slug
hotel-industry
Identifier
236

Human resources development

Slug
human-resources-development
Identifier
118

Industrial development

Slug
industrial-development
Identifier
214

Sectoral approaches

Slug
sectoral-approaches
Identifier
676

Skills and training policy

Slug
skills-and-training-policy
Identifier
666

Tourism

Slug
tourism
Identifier
243
Regions:
Countries and territories:

Tourism and hospitality: Workforce Development Strategy

Tourism and hospitality: Workforce Development Strategy

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Tourism and hospitality: Workforce Development Strategy
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpOSource
Slug
other-sources
Topics:

Sectoral approaches

Thumbnail

Matching skills to labour market demand requires reliable sectoral and occupational information and institutions that connect employers with training providers.  Sector based strategies and institutions have proved effective in engaging all stakeholders in promoting both pre-employment training and life-long learning.

Identifier
skpSectApr
Slug
sectoral-approaches
Knowledge Products:

National policies and initiatives

National legislation, policies and initiatives on the issue of training and skills development and the world of work. 

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Identifier
skpNatPol
Slug
national-policies-and-initiatives
Publication Date:
25 Jun 2015
The Workforce Development Strategy will act as a catalyst for an industry wide approach to human resource needs, by providing a strategic response to the issues identified. This document has been developed with industry, and by industry, to provide an overarching framework to address the workforce challenges confronting the tourism and hospitality industry. Whilst the document will sit with the Industry Skills Council (Service Skills Australia) it will be owned by the industry and to that extent, industry will take responsibility for its currency and relevancy.

The strategy seeks to encourage all those involved in the industry, including government, to work together. The strategy identifies priority areas and actions that can be realised in a coherent and coordinated way to address workplace issues. It seeks to transform businesses in the tourism and hospitality industry into employers of choice that deliver highly profitable, world class visitor experiences.
Subject Tags:

Hotel industry

Slug
hotel-industry
Identifier
236

Human resources development

Slug
human-resources-development
Identifier
118

Industrial development

Slug
industrial-development
Identifier
214

Sectoral approaches

Slug
sectoral-approaches
Identifier
676

Skills and training policy

Slug
skills-and-training-policy
Identifier
666

Tourism

Slug
tourism
Identifier
243
Regions:
Countries and territories:

Supporting quality jobs in tourism

Supporting quality jobs in tourism

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Supporting quality jobs in tourism
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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Identifier
skpIntOrg
Slug
international-organizations
Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

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Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions. 

Identifier
skpAFSN
Slug
anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs

Sectoral approaches

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Matching skills to labour market demand requires reliable sectoral and occupational information and institutions that connect employers with training providers.  Sector based strategies and institutions have proved effective in engaging all stakeholders in promoting both pre-employment training and life-long learning.

Identifier
skpSectApr
Slug
sectoral-approaches
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
24 Jun 2015
The tourism sector is highly dependent on quality human resources to develop and deliver a competitive tourism offering. This report examines approaches to encourage the creation of more and better tourism jobs, with a particular emphasis on enhancing the skills and career development opportunities of people employed in tourism SMEs. The contribution quality jobs can make to building a competitive and sustainable tourism sector is discussed. This is followed by analysis of the sector's labour intensity and labour market characteristics, and the implications for attracting, retaining and developing a skilled workforce. Policies and programmes introduced to respond to these challenges and boost workforce development in tourism SMEs are examined and a number of key policy considerations highlighted.

DOI: 10.1787/5js4rv0g7szr-en
Subject Tags:

Food and beverage industries

Slug
food-and-beverage-industries
Identifier
213

Hotel industry

Slug
hotel-industry
Identifier
236

Human resources development

Slug
human-resources-development
Identifier
118

Sectoral approaches

Slug
sectoral-approaches
Identifier
676

Skills and training policy

Slug
skills-and-training-policy
Identifier
666

Skills anticipation

Slug
skills-anticipation
Identifier
677

Tourism

Slug
tourism
Identifier
243
Regions:

Stratégie de la BAD en matière de développement du capital humain (2012-2016)

Stratégie de la BAD en matière de développement du capital humain (2012-2016)

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Stratégie de la BAD en matière de développement du capital humain (2012-2016)
Language:

French

Slug
french
Identifier
skpFrn
Sources:

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpOSource
Slug
other-sources
Topics:

Lifelong learning

Thumbnail

There is a critical need for a greater overall investment in education and training, particularly in developing countries. Education and training investments should be closely linked to economic and employment growth strategies and programmes. Responsibility should be shared between the government (primary responsibility), enterprises, the social partners, and the individual. To make lifelong learning for all a reality, countries will need to make major reforms of their vocational and education and training systems. School-to-work schemes for young people should integrate education with workplace learning. Training systems need to become more flexible and responsive to rapidly changing skill requirements. Reforms should also focus on how learning can be facilitated, not just on training for specific occupational categories.

Identifier
skpPSLLL
Slug
lifelong-learning

Other topic

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpOIssue
Slug
other-topic
Knowledge Products:
Publication Date:
19 Feb 2015

Un milliard de possibilités : Développer le capital humain pour une croissance inclusive en Afrique

Le présent document d’orientation propose un cadre d’investissement pour le développement du capital humain dans le contexte de la Stratégie à moyen terme (SMT) et de la prochaine Stratégie à long terme (SLT) de la Banque Africaine de Développement. Servant de document d’analyse, il met l’accent sur les domaines dans lesquels la Banque peut tirer profit de ses avantages comparatifs tout en restant souple et sélective, de manière à pouvoir réagir rapidement aux nouveaux défis de l'Afrique. Issu de vastes consultations auprès de multiples intervenants à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur de la Banque, ce document jette les bases de la première Stratégie de développement humain de l'institution : Il détermine les domaines clés pour de meilleurs investissements en capital humain dans le cadre du programme de croissance inclusive.

Subject Tags:

Education and training

Slug
education-and-training
Identifier
116

Gender and development

Slug
gender-and-development

Human resources development

Slug
human-resources-development
Identifier
118

Inclusion

Slug
inclusion
Identifier
665

Youth

Slug
youth
Identifier
319
Regions:

Africa

Region Image

Preparing for an aging workforce

Preparing for an aging workforce

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Preparing for an aging workforce
Language:
Sources:

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpOSource
Slug
other-sources
Topics:

Older workers

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Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business.

Identifier
skpOldwor
Slug
older-workers
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
27 Jan 2015

Executive Summary

The Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) and the SHRM Foundation have launched an initiative recognizing the value of older workers and identifying -- through original research -- the best practices for employing an aging workforce. The Executive Summary provides a full overview of the survey findings. The detailed survey results are presented in a three-part series:

• Part 1: State of Older Workers in U.S. Organizations
• Part 2: Recruitment and Retention
• Part 3: Basic and Applied Skills

The basis of these materials is the Older Workers Survey, which collected comprehensive information on the aging workforce.

Subject Tags:

Human resources development

Slug
human-resources-development
Identifier
118

Older workers

Slug
older-workers
Identifier
682
Regions:

Americas

Region Image
Countries and territories:

Demand and supply of skills in Ghana: How can training programs improve employment and productivity?

Demand and supply of skills in Ghana: How can training programs improve employment and productivity?

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Demand and supply of skills in Ghana: How can training programs improve employment and productivity?
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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Identifier
skpIntOrg
Slug
international-organizations
Topics:

Access to training

Thumbnail

Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.  

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business. 
 

Identifier
skpATSU
Slug
access-to-training

Other topic

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpOIssue
Slug
other-topic

Training quality and relevance

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpTrainQR
Slug
training-quality-and-relevance
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
15 Jan 2015
Ghana has a youthful population of 24 million and has shown impressive gains in economic growth and in poverty reduction over the last two decades. The necessary sustained growth requires three critical steps: (1) increase productivity in the strategic economic sectors, (2) diversify the economy, and (3) expand employment. Raising the level and range of skills in the country provides a key contribution to these core drivers of sustained growth.

This report focuses on one segment of Ghana’s skills development system: formal and informal technical and vocational education and training (TVET) at the pre-tertiary level. Although TVET alone does not guarantee productivity gains or job creation, it is generally agreed that a blend of cognitive, non-cognitive, intermediate, and higher technical skills is crucial to enhance the country’s competitiveness and contribute to social inclusion, acceptable employment, and the alleviation of poverty. The report assesses the economic and social demand for vocational skills and the scope and scale of supply. Special attention is placed on vocational training for those working in the informal economy, and on non-formal (private) training providers.
Subject Tags:

Economic growth

Slug
economic-growth
Identifier
166

Human resources development

Slug
human-resources-development
Identifier
118

Lifelong learning

Slug
lifelong-learning
Identifier
400

Low skilled workers

Slug
low-skilled-workers
Identifier
650

Poverty alleviation

Slug
poverty-alleviation
Identifier
149

Skills and training policy

Slug
skills-and-training-policy
Identifier
666

Transferable skills

Slug
transferable-skills
Identifier
660

TVET systems

Slug
tvet-systems
Identifier
661

Vocational training

Slug
vocational-training
Identifier
124
Regions:

Africa

Region Image
Countries and territories:

Trends in income inequality and its impact on economic growth

Trends in income inequality and its impact on economic growth

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Trends in income inequality and its impact on economic growth
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpIntOrg
Slug
international-organizations
Topics:

Other topic

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Identifier
skpOIssue
Slug
other-topic

Skills policies and strategies

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Skills and employment policies should be viewed together.  The full value of one policy set is realized when it supports the objectives of the other.  For investments in education and training to yield maximum benefit to workers, enterprises, and economies, countries’ capacities for coordination is critical in three areas: connecting basic education to technical training and then to market entry; ensuring continuous communication between employers and training providers so that training meets the needs and aspirations of workers and enterprises, and integrating skills development policies with industrial, investment, trade, technology, environmental, rural and local development policies.

Identifier
skpPolConv
Slug
skills-policies-and-strategies
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
09 Dec 2014
OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 163 In most OECD countries, the gap between rich and poor is at its highest level since 30 years. Today, the richest 10 per cent of the population in the OECD area earn 9.5 times the income of the poorest 10 per cent; in the 1980s this ratio stood at 7:1 and has been rising continuously ever since. However, the rise in overall income inequality is not (only) about surging top income shares: often, incomes at the bottom grew much slower during the prosperous years and fell during downturns, putting relative (and in some countries, absolute) income poverty on the radar of policy concerns. This paper explores whether such developments may have an impact on economic performance.

Among the paper’s key findings:
-The gap between rich and poor is now at its highest level in 30 years in most OECD countries.

-This long-term trend increase in income inequality has curbed economic growth significantly.

-While the overall increase in income inequality is also driven by the very rich 1% pulling away, what matters most for growth are families with lower incomes slipping behind.

-This negative effect of inequality on growth is determined not just by the poorest income decile but actually by the bottom 40% of income earners.

-This is because inter alia people from disadvantaged social backgrounds underinvest in their education.

-Tackling inequality through tax and transfer policies does not harm growth, provided these policies are well designed and implemented.

-In particular, redistribution efforts should focus on families with children and youth, as this is where key decisions on human capital investment are made and should promote skills development and learning across people’s lives.

DOI : 10.1787/1815199x
Subject Tags:

Human resources development

Slug
human-resources-development
Identifier
118

Policy convergence

Slug
policy-convergence
Identifier
674

Youth

Slug
youth
Identifier
319
Regions: