Bessere Kompetenzen, bessere Arbeitsplätze, ein besseres Leben: Ein strategisches Konzept für die Kompetenzpolitik
Bessere Kompetenzen, bessere Arbeitsplätze, ein besseres Leben: Ein strategisches Konzept für die Kompetenzpolitik
Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.
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Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.
This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business.
Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions.
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Initial education and training and lifelong learning benefit individuals, employers and society as a whole. Economic principles dictate that the costs for services with public and private benefits should be shared between public and private funding, or else too little training will be provided or taken up. Effective mechanisms for financing skills development vary according to countries’ economic and political circumstances and the degree and level of social dialogue established.
There is a critical need for a greater overall investment in education and training, particularly in developing countries. Education and training investments should be closely linked to economic and employment growth strategies and programmes. Responsibility should be shared between the government (primary responsibility), enterprises, the social partners, and the individual. To make lifelong learning for all a reality, countries will need to make major reforms of their vocational and education and training systems. School-to-work schemes for young people should integrate education with workplace learning. Training systems need to become more flexible and responsive to rapidly changing skill requirements. Reforms should also focus on how learning can be facilitated, not just on training for specific occupational categories.
The world of learning and the world of work are separate but linked. While one involves learning, the other produces goods and services. Neither can thrive without the other. Strong partnerships between government, employers and workers help ensure the relevance of training to the changing needs of enterprises and labour markets.
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Matching skills to labour market demand requires reliable sectoral and occupational information and institutions that connect employers with training providers. Sector based strategies and institutions have proved effective in engaging all stakeholders in promoting both pre-employment training and life-long learning.
Skills and employment policies should be viewed together. The full value of one policy set is realized when it supports the objectives of the other. For investments in education and training to yield maximum benefit to workers, enterprises, and economies, countries’ capacities for coordination is critical in three areas: connecting basic education to technical training and then to market entry; ensuring continuous communication between employers and training providers so that training meets the needs and aspirations of workers and enterprises, and integrating skills development policies with industrial, investment, trade, technology, environmental, rural and local development policies.
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Globally, nearly 68 million young women and men are looking for and available for work, and an estimated 123 million young people are working but living in poverty. The number who are not in employment, education or training (NEET) stands at 267 million, a majority of whom are young women. Significantly, young people are three times as likely as adults (25 years and older) to be unemployed.
Skills development is a primary means of enabling young people to make a smooth transition to work. A comprehensive approach is required to integrate young women and men in the labour market, including relevant and quality skills training, labour market information, career guidance and employment services, recognition of prior learning, incorporating entrepreneurship with training and effective skills forecasting. Improved basic education and core work skills are particularly important to enable youth to engage in lifelong learning as well as transition to the labour market.
International conventions and recommendations and other international instruments on human resource and skills development. Strategy papers on the practical application of international standards from international organizations covering issues related to training, effective utilization and development of skills, and on linking skills to employment.
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Da sie sich sowohl der Komplexität der Kompetenzpolitik als auch der Möglichkeiten eines gegenseitigen Lernprozesses bewusst ist, hat die OECD eine globale Kompetenzstrategie ausgearbeitet, die den Ländern dabei helfen soll, die Stärken und Schwächen ihrer Qualifikationssysteme zu identifizieren, sie im internationalen Vergleich zu betrachten und Maßnahmen auszuarbeiten, mit denen erreicht werden kann, dass Kompetenzen zu besseren Arbeitsplätzen, einem höheren Wirtschaftswachstum und mehr sozialer Inklusion führen. Diese Publikation stellt eine Strategie vor, die den Ländern bei der Verwirklichung des Ziels der Heranbildung und optimalen Nutzung eines hervorragenden Pools an Kompetenzen helfen wird. Die Skills Strategy der OECD beinhaltet eine Umorientierung von traditionellen Messgrößen des Kompetenzniveaus, z.B. der Zahl der formalen Bildungsjahre oder den erworbenen Bildungsabschlüssen, hin zu einer wesentlich weiter gefassten Messgröße, die sich auf die Kompetenzen erstreckt, die Menschen im Verlauf ihres gesamten Lebens erwerben, nutzen, pflegen und u.U. auch wieder verlieren können. Wird nicht ausreichend in Kompetenzen investiert, müssen Menschen ein unbefriedigendes Leben am Rande der Gesellschaft fristen, kann sich technischer Fortschritt nicht in Wirtschaftswachstum niederschlagen und können Länder in einer weltweit zunehmend wissensbasierten Gesellschaft nicht mehr im Wettbewerb mithalten. Zudem müssen Kompetenzen, wie in der Publikation betont wird, während des ganzen Lebens kontinuierlich gepflegt und erweitert werden, damit sie ihren Wert nicht verlieren und es den Menschen ermöglichen, miteinander in einer Weise zusammenzuarbeiten, zu konkurrieren und zu kommunizieren, die Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft voranbringt.
