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Skills mismatch

Slug
skills-mismatch
Identifier
654

Macedonia, former Yugoslav Republic of - Demand for skills in FYR Macedonia

Macedonia, former Yugoslav Republic of - Demand for skills in FYR Macedonia

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Macedonia, former Yugoslav Republic of - Demand for skills in FYR Macedonia
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

International organizations

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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Identifier
skpIntOrg
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international-organizations
Topics:

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier
skpTrainQR
Slug
training-quality-and-relevance
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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Identifier
skpRPS
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research-papers
Publication Date:
10 Sep 2013
This technical note aims to shed some light on the very high and persistent unemployment levels in Macedonia, by focussing on skills mismatch. The difference between skills sought by employers, and those possessed by available workers, are presented in a specifically designed employer survey of the demand for skills, that was carried out in 2009. The survey identified core employability skills, and skills that workers are most frequently lacking. It found that employers consider many job applicants to be lacking the soft skills, such as appropriate behavior, work ethic, and good attitude on the job. The existence of the skills mismatch indicates that unemployment in Macedonia is to some extent structural. Accordingly, investment in skills, including soft skills, is necessary in order to reduce unemployment in Macedonia. The analysis of a skills mismatch based on an employer survey, is by its nature incomplete, and the report discusses its limitations. However, the analysis provides important input into education, training, and employment policies, by determining the key skill gaps, and by identifying types of firms that are affected by skill shortages. The note presents the main findings, and provides context for further analysis by comparing the level of the skills shortage in Macedonia to that in other countries in the region.
Subject Tags:

Employability

Slug
employability
Identifier
643

Skills mismatch

Slug
skills-mismatch
Identifier
654

Survey

Slug
survey
Identifier
611
Regions:
Countries and territories:

Побарувачка на вештини во Република Македонија

Побарувачка на вештини во Република Македонија

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Побарувачка на вештини во Република Македонија
Language:

Macedonian

Slug
macedonian
Identifier
skpmk
Sources:

International organizations

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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Identifier
skpIntOrg
Slug
international-organizations
Topics:

Training quality and relevance

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpTrainQR
Slug
training-quality-and-relevance
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
10 Sep 2013

This technical note aims to shed some light on the very high and persistent unemployment levels in Macedonia, by focussing on skills mismatch. The difference between skills sought by employers, and those possessed by available workers, are presented in a specifically designed employer survey of the demand for skills, that was carried out in 2009. The survey identified core employability skills, and skills that workers are most frequently lacking. It found that employers consider many job applicants to be lacking the soft skills, such as appropriate behavior, work ethic, and good attitude on the job. The existence of the skills mismatch indicates that unemployment in Macedonia is to some extent structural. Accordingly, investment in skills, including soft skills, is necessary in order to reduce unemployment in Macedonia. The analysis of a skills mismatch based on an employer survey, is by its nature incomplete, and the report discusses its limitations. However, the analysis provides important input into education, training, and employment policies, by determining the key skill gaps, and by identifying types of firms that are affected by skill shortages. The note presents the main findings, and provides context for further analysis by comparing the level of the skills shortage in Macedonia to that in other countries in the region.

Subject Tags:

Employability

Slug
employability
Identifier
643

Skills mismatch

Slug
skills-mismatch
Identifier
654

Survey

Slug
survey
Identifier
611
Regions:
Countries and territories:

The world at work: Jobs, pay, and skills for 3.5 billion people

The world at work: Jobs, pay, and skills for 3.5 billion people

Type:
Document
Content Type:
The world at work: Jobs, pay, and skills for 3.5 billion people
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

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Identifier
skpOSource
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other-sources
Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

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Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions. 

Identifier
skpAFSN
Slug
anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
02 Sep 2013
Over the past 30 years, economies and markets have become more integrated and inter-dependent, as trade volumes have grown and developing economies have industrialized. This study identifies forces of demand and supply that are shaping a global labour force that is predicted to grow to 3.5 billion by 2030. The paper documents these shifts and analyses the implications for workers, national economies, and businesses. It concludes that the forces that have caused imbalances in advanced economies in recent years will grow stronger and that similar mismatches between the skills that workers can offer and what employers need will appear in developing economies, too. Avoiding these imbalances (in both advanced and developing economies) and their consequences will require an unprecedented commitment to education and training.
Subject Tags:

Gender equality

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gender-equality
Identifier
144

Productivity

Slug
productivity
Identifier
188

Skills anticipation

Slug
skills-anticipation
Identifier
677

Skills mismatch

Slug
skills-mismatch
Identifier
654
Regions:

Skill mismatch: The role of the enterprise

Skill mismatch: The role of the enterprise

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Skill mismatch: The role of the enterprise
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpOSource
Slug
other-sources
Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

Thumbnail

Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions. 

Identifier
skpAFSN
Slug
anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs

Participation of employers' and workers' organizations

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The world of learning and the world of work are separate but linked. While one involves learning, the other produces goods and services. Neither can thrive without the other. Strong partnerships between government, employers and workers help ensure the relevance of training to the changing needs of enterprises and labour markets. 

Identifier
skpPSP
Slug
participation-of-employers-and-workers-organizations
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
30 Aug 2013
This report aims to explore the role of enterprises in mitigating skill mismatch. Specific attention is given to the potential role of human resource practices (e.g. recruitment, training, performance appraisal and pay-setting, job design, employee empowerment) and of high performance workplaces for ensuring that the knowledge, skills and competences of individuals are used to best effect. The report paves the way for a closer look into what has previously been a black box of the skill mismatch agenda.
Subject Tags:

Enterprises

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enterprises
Identifier
175

Human resources development

Slug
human-resources-development
Identifier
118

Lifelong learning

Slug
lifelong-learning
Identifier
400

Skills anticipation

Slug
skills-anticipation
Identifier
677

Skills mismatch

Slug
skills-mismatch
Identifier
654
Regions:

Improving access to labour market information for migrants and employers

Improving access to labour market information for migrants and employers

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Improving access to labour market information for migrants and employers
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

International organizations

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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Identifier
skpIntOrg
Slug
international-organizations
Topics:

Career guidance and employment services

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Career guidance and counselling, career education and lifelong development of skills for employability are key for success in learning activities, effective career transitions, livelihood planning, entrepreneurship and in increasing labour market participation. They are instrumental in promoting skills utilization, recognition (RPL), as well as in improving enterprise human resource management.

Career development activities encompass a wide variety of support activities including career information and advice, counselling, work exposure (e.g. job shadowing, work experience periods), assessment, coaching, mentoring, professional networking, advocacy, basic and employability skills training (curricular and non-curricular) and entrepreneurship training. It is often an area which is fragmented across different ministries (e.g. education, TVET, employment, youth) requiring an effort to achieve the necessary coordination to provide adequate support to individuals during learning, employment and unemployment/inactivity periods.
 

Identifier
skpLMIES
Slug
career-guidance-and-employment-services

Migrant workers

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According to the ILO global estimates on migrant workers, there were around 164 million migrant workers in 2017. 

Migrant workers contribute to growth and development in their countries of destination, while countries of origin greatly benefit from their remittances and the skills acquired during their migration experience. Yet, many migrant workers face challenges in accessing quality training and decent jobs including under-utilization of skills, a lack of employment or training opportunities, lack of information, and exploitation of low-skilled workers.

To address these challenges, countries need to strengthen skills anticipation systems to inform migration policies, increase access to education and training, and establish bilateral or multilateral recognition of qualifications and skills.

Identifier
skpMigWor
Slug
migrant-workers
Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice. 

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Identifier
skpCaseStdy
Slug
case-studies-and-good-practices

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
27 Aug 2013
The study investigates information strategies and channels most commonly used, respectively, by employers willing to hire migrant workers, both from abroad and inside the country, and by prospective and resident migrants looking for available job opportunities in selected European Union Member States and non-EU settlement countries. It identifies the main information related obstacles which hamper jobs-skills matching for migrants, and proposes appropriate policy responses, including at the pre-departure stage, to overcome those obstacles and enhance the potential of international migration to respond to labour and skills shortages.
Subject Tags:

Job matching

Slug
job-matching
Identifier
649

Labour migration

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labour-migration
Identifier
609

Migrant workers

Slug
migrant-workers
Identifier
681

Migration policy

Slug
migration-policy
Identifier
309

Multinational enterprises

Slug
multinational-enterprises
Identifier
180

Skills mismatch

Slug
skills-mismatch
Identifier
654

Skills recognition

Slug
skills-recognition
Identifier
656
Regions:

Migrants, minorities, mismatch?

Migrants, minorities, mismatch?

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Migrants, minorities, mismatch?
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpOSource
Slug
other-sources
Topics:

Migrant workers

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According to the ILO global estimates on migrant workers, there were around 164 million migrant workers in 2017. 

Migrant workers contribute to growth and development in their countries of destination, while countries of origin greatly benefit from their remittances and the skills acquired during their migration experience. Yet, many migrant workers face challenges in accessing quality training and decent jobs including under-utilization of skills, a lack of employment or training opportunities, lack of information, and exploitation of low-skilled workers.

To address these challenges, countries need to strengthen skills anticipation systems to inform migration policies, increase access to education and training, and establish bilateral or multilateral recognition of qualifications and skills.

Identifier
skpMigWor
Slug
migrant-workers

Other topic

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Identifier
skpOIssue
Slug
other-topic
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
21 Aug 2013
Skill mismatch among migrants and ethnic minorities in Europe This report aims to increase understanding of mismatch, and its impacts, among migrants and ethnic minorities in Europe. It reviews relevant international literature on the topic and looks at various aspects of labour-market performance of these groups. The focus is an empirical investigation of skill mismatch based on the European social survey. Important findings are, first, that migrants from outside the EU are disproportionately affected by overeducation, while ethnic minorities are affected by undereducation. Second, overeducation is higher in countries with low rates of training and a lower proportion of skilled workers while undereducation is lower where the incidence of training is higher. Finally, both forms of mismatch are greater for migrants educated abroad. Policy responses are needed: a focus on migrants from non-EU countries; an attempt to put migration in a more positive light than is often the case; developing and better implementing common standards for recognising qualifications obtained abroad; improving job access for both groups by supporting their competitiveness to apply for jobs; and encouraging employers to give people with a migrant background more job and training opportunities. Such policies could contribute to making better use of migrants’ skills and alleviating current and future skill shortages in Europe.
Subject Tags:

Migrant workers

Slug
migrant-workers
Identifier
681

Skills mismatch

Slug
skills-mismatch
Identifier
654

Skills recognition

Slug
skills-recognition
Identifier
656

Survey

Slug
survey
Identifier
611
Regions:

Briefing note: Skill mismatch in Europe

Briefing note: Skill mismatch in Europe

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Briefing note: Skill mismatch in Europe
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpOSource
Slug
other-sources
Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

Thumbnail

Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions. 

Identifier
skpAFSN
Slug
anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
21 Aug 2013
The briefing note provides an overview of Europe’s skill challenge and argues that the information revolution is gradually dispensing with many jobs that had seemed to be a permanent fixture of societies, while the jobs it generates need an ever-widening skill base. Consequently, it is becoming more difficult to find the right people for the right jobs with skill-intensive economic and technological change making the issue of skill mismatch even more prominent.
The publication explores different types of skill mismatch, groups of workers affected by it, causes of skill mismatch and ways of tackling this issue.
Subject Tags:

Skills anticipation

Slug
skills-anticipation
Identifier
677

Skills mismatch

Slug
skills-mismatch
Identifier
654
Regions:

Briefing note: Skill mismatch in Europe

Briefing note: Skill mismatch in Europe

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Briefing note: Skill mismatch in Europe
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpOSource
Slug
other-sources
Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

Thumbnail

Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions. 

Identifier
skpAFSN
Slug
anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
21 Aug 2013

The briefing note provides an overview of Europe’s skill challenge and argues that the information revolution is gradually dispensing with many jobs that had seemed to be a permanent fixture of societies, while the jobs it generates need an ever-widening skill base. Consequently, it is becoming more difficult to find the right people for the right jobs with skill-intensive economic and technological change making the issue of skill mismatch even more prominent.
The publication explores different types of skill mismatch, groups of workers affected by it, causes of skill mismatch and ways of tackling this issue.

Subject Tags:

Skills anticipation

Slug
skills-anticipation
Identifier
677

Skills mismatch

Slug
skills-mismatch
Identifier
654
Regions:

Skills anticipation and matching systems in transition and developing countries: Conditions and challenges

Skills anticipation and matching systems in transition and developing countries: Conditions and challenges

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Skills anticipation and matching systems in transition and developing countries: Conditions and challenges
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Bilateral organizations

The development agencies of many countries make skills development a pillar of their Official Development Assistance – from the perspective of education systems, employment promotion, poverty reduction, and private sector development. Documentation of their experience, evaluations and impact assessments, mission statements, and other knowledge products are made available through the Global KSP.

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Identifier
skpBiOrg
Slug
bilateral-organizations
Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

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Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions. 

Identifier
skpAFSN
Slug
anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
19 Aug 2013
Among the main challenges to the effective matching of the supply of and demand for skills on the labour markets in transition and developing economies are the weak capacities of employment services, underfunding of state-provided training services, slow reforms of education and vocational education and training (VET) systems, a relatively low level of in-house training by employers, and the existence of large informal economies combined with low levels of labour market attachment. There are also significant information gaps in many of the ETF partner countries, while there is also a greater need for information because of market uncertainty. Yet at the same time there is a lack of administrative capacity for skills analysis, forecasting and anticipation.

Different patterns of skills mismatch can be expected in developed, transition and developing countries. This is partly due to different patterns of structural change and partly associated with demographic factors. Countries with high rates of population growth may experience oversupply of educated school leavers; countries with ageing populations may experience undersupply of both skilled and unskilled workers. Migration of labour is a further conditioning factor. Internal migration changes the balance of skilled and unskilled labour supply in urban labour markets, while countries with a high rate of emigration of highly skilled workers (‘brain drain’) may experience significant shortages of skilled workers.
Subject Tags:

Skills anticipation

Slug
skills-anticipation
Identifier
677

Skills mismatch

Slug
skills-mismatch
Identifier
654
Regions:

Competitiveness and private sector development: Kazakhstan 2010: Sector competitiveness strategy

Competitiveness and private sector development: Kazakhstan 2010: Sector competitiveness strategy

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Competitiveness and private sector development: Kazakhstan 2010: Sector competitiveness strategy
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

International organizations

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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Identifier
skpIntOrg
Slug
international-organizations
Topics:

Sectoral approaches

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Matching skills to labour market demand requires reliable sectoral and occupational information and institutions that connect employers with training providers.  Sector based strategies and institutions have proved effective in engaging all stakeholders in promoting both pre-employment training and life-long learning.

Identifier
skpSectApr
Slug
sectoral-approaches
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
05 Aug 2013
In 2009 Kazakhstan launched a far-reaching programme to diversify its sources of foreign direct investment. To support this effort, Kazakhstan asked the OECD to undertake a Sector Competitiveness Review. This report, which represents the first phase of the review, provides an assessment and strategy to help Kazakhstan enhance the competitiveness of its non-energy sectors including agri-business, fertilizers, logistics, business services and information technology. While it acknowledges that the government has successfully implemented a first generation of business climate reforms, the report recommends that sector-specific policy barriers be further addressed. For example, policy makers could stimulate quality improvements and modernise production in some sectors by facilitating access to finance, attracting modern retailers and addressing skills gaps in the workforce.

This review was carried out under the aegis of the OECD Eurasia Competitiveness Programme, a regional programme that contributes to economic growth and development in eleven countries of the former Soviet Union as well as Afghanistan and Mongolia.
Subject Tags:

Agribusiness

Slug
agribusiness
Identifier
223

Information and communication technologies

Slug
information-and-communication-technologies
Identifier
346

Private sector

Slug
private-sector
Identifier
229

Public private partnerships

Slug
public-private-partnerships
Identifier
138

Sectoral approaches

Slug
sectoral-approaches
Identifier
676

Skills mismatch

Slug
skills-mismatch
Identifier
654
Regions:
Countries and territories: