Sectoral approaches

Skills shortages and skills gaps in the Cambodian labour market: Evidence from employer skills needs survey

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Skills shortages and skills gaps in the Cambodian labour market: Evidence from employer skills needs survey
													

Language:

Governments hold a wealth of knowledge on skills development, and are increasingly realizing the value of learning from each others’ experiences. Their policy documents, programme evaluations, and research findings contain their experience and ideas on how to better link skills to employment

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skpGov

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governments

ILO

The International Labour Organization is the tripartite U.N. agency that promotes Decent Work through employment, social security, labour standards and social dialogue. Its work on skills development is guided by the conceptual framework on Skills to improve productivity, employment growth, and development agreed in 2008 by representatives of Governments, Employers’ Associations and Workers’ Associations. Research, policy advice, and pilot projects and technical cooperation programmes to apply good practices in different circumstances across its 185 member States aims to boost the employability of workers, the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, and the inclusiveness of economic growth. The ILO Secretariat in offices in 40 countries works with Ministries of Labour, employers’ organizations, and trade unions to integrate skills development into national and sector development strategies in order to better meet current labour market needs and to prepare for the jobs of the future; to expand access to employment-related training so that youth, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are better able to acquire skills and secure productive and decent work; and to improve the ability of public employment services to provide career guidance, maintain labour exchange services, and deliver active labour market programmes.For more information regarding the ILO’s work on skills and employability go to: http://www.ilo.org/skills/lang--en/index.htm; for ILO/Cinterfor's Knowledge Management Plarform, see: http://www.oitcinterfor.org

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skpILO

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ilo

Topics:

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Matching skills to labour market demand requires reliable sectoral and occupational information and institutions that connect employers with training providers. Sector based strategies and institutions have proved effective in engaging all stakeholders in promoting both pre-employment training and life-long learning.

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skpSectApr

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sectoral-approaches

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues.

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skpRPS

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research-papers

Statistical information

Data produced by the international organizations and countries on trends in skills provision, demand, and employment outcomes to help inform policy-making and monitoring processes.

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skpStatInfo

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statistical-information

Publication Date:

11 Feb 2015

Open

wcmstest4_131252.pdf

ILO Asia-Pacific working paper series The analysis of employers’ perceptions is a new topic in Cambodia, but one that responds to the precise demands of policy-makers while representing a necessary step in the formulation of a National Employment Policy (NEP) that is responsive to both employers’ and workers’ needs and interests.

This survey was the first to be conducted in Cambodia with the aim of describing and understanding employers’ points of view in support of better-informed design, and implementation of, employment and labour market policies.

The survey drew on more than 500 establishments in six sectors. The sectors included three in manufacturing (food and beverages; garments, apparel, and footwear; and rubber and plastics), two in services (finance and insurance, and accommodation), plus construction. The survey covered such topics as skills gaps, skills shortages, difficulties in recruiting, and hard-to-fill vacancies.

Subject Tags:

Gender

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294

Identifier

294

Sectoral approaches

Slug

sectoral-approaches

Identifier

676

Skills mismatch

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skills-mismatch

Identifier

654

Survey

Slug

survey

Identifier

611

Youth

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youth

Identifier

319

Regions:

Asia and the Pacific

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Countries and territories:

Cambodia

Quantifying skill needs in Europe

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Quantifying skill needs in Europe

Language:

English

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english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

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skpOSource

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other-sources

Topics:

Sectoral approaches

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Identifier

skpSectApr

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sectoral-approaches

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

09 Feb 2015

Open

wcmstest4_130858.pdf

Statistical information on skill and qualification requirements for occupations is fragmented, inconsistent, difficult to compare across European countries, and usually not detailed enough to reflect the specific characteristics of a given occupation. The occupational skills profile approach aims at integrating several available European sources and supplementing them with data gathered from EU and US surveys. This has been made possible by developing specific methods of data mapping, matching and integration. As a result, the skill requirements of occupations can be not only defined at a detailed level and further aggregated at higher levels as required, but also compared across sectors, countries and over time.

Subject Tags:

Sectoral approaches

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sectoral-approaches

Identifier

676

Survey

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survey

Identifier

611

Regions:

Europe and Central Asia

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Developing skills for employability with German partners: 8 success stories from China

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Developing skills for employability with German partners: 8 success stories from China
													

Language:

English

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english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

Governments

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skpGov

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governments

Topics:

Sectoral approaches

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skpSectApr

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sectoral-approaches

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice.

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skpCaseStdy

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case-studies-and-good-practices

Publication Date:

09 Dec 2014

Open

wcmstest4_127650.pdf

In 2010, China presented a plan for the long-term reform and development of the educational sector. This plan states that government investment in the educational sector is to be significantly increased in the period between 2010 and 2020. Since 2011, the governments of Germany and China cooperate in the German-Chinese Alliance for Vocational Education and Training (AG). The Alliance aims at establishing an open platform and a nucleus for cooperation in the training sector and for strengthening political relations with regard to education matters. “Training – Made in Germany” offers the necessary know-how to meet the challenge in the field of vocational education and training.

This brochure presents eight success stories of skill development realised in a joint effort by Chinese and German partners. With its wide range of training offers and its strong emphasis on employability, “Training – Made in Germany” has the potential to successfully support and promote the ongoing reform process of the Chinese training system.

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Disadvantaged youth

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disadvantaged-youth

Identifier

663

Economic growth

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economic-growth

Identifier

166

Employability

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employability

Identifier

643

Public private partnerships

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public-private-partnerships

Identifier

138

School-to-work transition

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school-to-work-transition

Identifier

652

Sectoral approaches

Slug

sectoral-approaches

Identifier

676

Skills and training policy

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skills-and-training-policy

Identifier

666

Vocational training

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vocational-training

Identifier

124

Regions:

Countries and territories:

China

Germany

The skills dilemma: Skills under-utilization and low-wage work

Type:

Document

Content Type:

The skills dilemma: Skills under-utilization and low-wage work

Language:

English

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english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

Other sources

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skpOSource

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other-sources

Topics:

Sectoral approaches

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skpSectApr

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sectoral-approaches

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

23 Oct 2014

Open

wcmstest4_123849.pdf

A Bottom Ten Million Research Paper There is a skills dilemma in the United Kingdom (UK). Successive governments have focussed on supply-side measures to tackle the UK’s skills problems and to improve the nation’s international economic competitiveness. However, despite increased investment in skills and educational attainment, labour productivity in the UK lags behind other comparator countries. This paper challenges the implicit assumption in much skills policy making that the skills problem lies solely on the supply-side by pointing to underutilisation of skills in the United Kingdom and its effects on lost productivity both for businesses and the economy as a whole. Given the prevalence of underutilisation in low-wage sectors, case studies are drawn from the retail and hospitality sectors which exhibit high levels of skills under-utilisation in comparison with other sectors. This Paper offers policy recommendations which include the need to raise awareness on the nature of skills under-utilisation in the United Kingdom, and the need to make adjustments in job designs so that employees could better utilise their skills and contribute to the success of their respective employers.

Subject Tags:

Employability

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employability

Identifier

643

Sectoral approaches

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sectoral-approaches

Identifier

676

Skills mismatch

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skills-mismatch

Identifier

654

Regions:

Europe and Central Asia

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Countries and territories:

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Regional Knowledge Sharing Workshop on Trade and Skills

Kind:

Event

Start Date:

28 Oct 2014

End Date:

17 Jun 2026

Event Location:

Cairo, Egypt

EventType:

Language:

English

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english

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skpEng

Language Version:

Sources:

ILO

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skpILO

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ilo

Other sources

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skpOSource

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other-sources

Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

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Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions.

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skpAFSN

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anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs

Sectoral approaches

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skpSectApr

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sectoral-approaches

Skills policies and strategies

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Skills and employment policies should be viewed together. The full value of one policy set is realized when it supports the objectives of the other. For investments in education and training to yield maximum benefit to workers, enterprises, and economies, countries’ capacities for coordination is critical in three areas: connecting basic education to technical training and then to market entry; ensuring continuous communication between employers and training providers so that training meets the needs and aspirations of workers and enterprises, and integrating skills development policies with industrial, investment, trade, technology, environmental, rural and local development policies.

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skpPolConv

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skills-policies-and-strategies

Knowledge Products:

Organised within the framework of the “Aid for Trade for the Arab States” multi-agency initiative

In many countries of the Arab region, the relatively low level of economic diversification contributes to continued dependence on a handful of commodities, particularly oil, gas and minerals as main exports, along with exports in some labour-intensive manufacturing sectors. Lack of diversification in traded products, and in trading partners, results in over-dependence on these sectors, where opportunities for growth of productive and higher-value employment are scarce. Unemployment and under-employment results from insufficient economic growth, and also from poor alignment between education and training, and future labour market needs respectively. Incidentally, the Arab region has the highest youth unemployment rate in the world. Creating an enabling environment for new investment and job growth requires a well-trained workforce, able to continue learning and adapting to new technologies and work organization.

This Workshop provides an opportunity to share knowledge about whether skill gaps constrain trade growth in specific sectors and to share experiences on how to overcome such constraints as part of comprehensive trade promotion strategies. It will facilitate an overview of the Aid for Trade initiative; shared views from the ILO, the World Trade Organization, governments, employers and workers on skills for more and better jobs from trade; reviews of initial experiences in Egypt and Jordan in the ILO’s programme on Skills for Trade and Economic Diversification (STED); and discussions on regional prospects for integrating skills in trade policies to accelerate trade and to ensure a widespread sharing of the benefits of trade growth.

Regional Knowledge Sharing Workshop on Trade and Skills

Subject Tags:

Policy convergence

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policy-convergence

Identifier

674

Sectoral approaches

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sectoral-approaches

Identifier

676

Regions:

Arab States

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Countries and territories:

Economic groups:

Developing skills for economic transformation and social harmony in China: A study of Yunnan Province

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Developing skills for economic transformation and social harmony in China: A study of Yunnan Province
													

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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skpIntOrg

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international-organizations

Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

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Identifier

skpAFSN

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anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs

Sectoral approaches

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Identifier

skpSectApr

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sectoral-approaches

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier

skpTrainQR

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training-quality-and-relevance

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

27 Aug 2014

Open

wcmstest4_118855.pdf

Yunnan is a medium-sized Chinese province with abundant natural resources and high levels of ethnic diversity. Although Yunnan is still one of the poorest provinces in China, it has experienced rapid economic growth rates over the last decade and is expected to maintain an annual growth rate of 10 percent or higher. The recent national Bridgehead Strategy has further positioned Yunnan as a strategic gateway in the Southwest region, providing tremendous new opportunities for its development. Faced with an increasing demand for skills, especially for professional and technical workers and operative frontline workers, the stock of skills among Yunnan’s current labor force appears insufficient. The lack of required skills has been the most commonly cited problem in the hiring of highly skilled professionals and technical occupations, as well as operative frontline positions. In addition, the mismatch of wage expectations poses a major issue for firms hiring high-skilled managers, professionals, and technicians. For construction workers and operative frontline jobs, the lack of applicants is an issue.

This report consists of three parts. The first part, Skills Challenges: Demand, Gaps, and Mismatch, examines the sources of the mismatch of supply and demand for skilled labor in Yunnan. The second part, Education and Training, sets out the challenges facing Yunnan as it seeks to strengthen the Technical and Vocational Training and Education (TVET) system, improve access to education and the quality of educational outputs, encourage more robust work-based and rural training, and invest additional resources in general education. Finally, in Conclusions and Policy Implications, the report lays out specific policy proposals that cross both sector lines and address sector-specific issues. The policy recommendations for cross-subsector issues are focused on governance and coordination, industry participation, quality assurance, financing TVET, and monitoring and evaluation. For subsector - specific issues, recommendations are focused on non-formal training, incentives and technical assistance for work-based training, and pre-primary education.

Subject Tags:

Agriculture

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agriculture

Identifier

225

Economic and social development

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economic-and-social-development

Identifier

125

Employability

Slug

employability

Identifier

643

Human resources development

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human-resources-development

Identifier

118

Industrial development

Slug

industrial-development

Identifier

214

Lifelong learning

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lifelong-learning

Identifier

400

Sectoral approaches

Slug

sectoral-approaches

Identifier

676

Skills and training policy

Slug

skills-and-training-policy

Identifier

666

Skills anticipation

Slug

skills-anticipation

Identifier

677

Skills mismatch

Slug

skills-mismatch

Identifier

654

Skills upgrading

Slug

skills-upgrading

Identifier

657

TVET systems

Slug

tvet-systems

Identifier

661

Regions:

Asia and the Pacific

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Countries and territories:

China

From better skills to better work: How career ladders can support the transition from low-skill to high-skill work

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															From better skills to better work: How career ladders can support the transition from low-skill to high-skill work 
													

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

Other sources

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Identifier

skpOSource

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other-sources

Topics:

Access to training

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Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business.

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skpATSU

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access-to-training

Career guidance and employment services

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Career guidance and counselling, career education and lifelong development of skills for employability are key for success in learning activities, effective career transitions, livelihood planning, entrepreneurship and in increasing labour market participation. They are instrumental in promoting skills utilization, recognition (RPL), as well as in improving enterprise human resource management.

Career development activities encompass a wide variety of support activities including career information and advice, counselling, work exposure (e.g. job shadowing, work experience periods), assessment, coaching, mentoring, professional networking, advocacy, basic and employability skills training (curricular and non-curricular) and entrepreneurship training. It is often an area which is fragmented across different ministries (e.g. education, TVET, employment, youth) requiring an effort to achieve the necessary coordination to provide adequate support to individuals during learning, employment and unemployment/inactivity periods.

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skpLMIES

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career-guidance-and-employment-services

Sectoral approaches

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Identifier

skpSectApr

Slug

sectoral-approaches

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier

skpTrainQR

Slug

training-quality-and-relevance

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

Slug

research-papers

Publication Date:

25 Aug 2014

Open

wcmstest4_118849.pdf

This is the third in a series of research briefs on 'Becoming State of the Art', which encourages innovation in the delivery of literacy and essential skills to achieve results that matter. In Ontario, literacy and essential skills (LES) programming and transitions into skills training or postsecondary programs are not typically aligned with employment sectors, labour market information or workplace progression. This is particularly true when it comes to the types of occupations normally available to non-high school graduates. Under-skilled job-seekers and workers alike often experience tremendous barriers to advancing their skills as they struggle under financial constraints, child care and transportation needs, itinerant jobs and irregular work hours. At the same time for employers, having workers who can progress from lower-skilled to higher-skilled jobs results in a more satisfied and productive workforce with lower staff turnover, less time and money spent on recruitment and better overall business performance.

This brief explores the relevance of ‘Career Ladders’ - a series of connected literacy, language and skills training programs that enable individuals to secure employment within a specific industry or occupational cluster, and to advance to successively higher levels of education and employment within that sector. Each step is explicitly designed to meet the needs of both participants and employers in obtaining necessary workplace skills.

Subject Tags:

Employability

Slug

employability

Identifier

643

Low skilled workers

Slug

low-skilled-workers

Identifier

650

Sectoral approaches

Slug

sectoral-approaches

Identifier

676

Skills and training policy

Slug

skills-and-training-policy

Identifier

666

Skills mismatch

Slug

skills-mismatch

Identifier

654

Skills upgrading

Slug

skills-upgrading

Identifier

657

Regions:

Americas

Region Image

Countries and territories:

Canada

Developing high-level skills in upholstery and soft furnishings – Wendy Shorter Interiors

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Developing high-level skills in upholstery and soft furnishings – Wendy Shorter Interiors 
													

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

Other sources

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Identifier

skpOSource

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other-sources

Topics:

Sectoral approaches

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Identifier

skpSectApr

Slug

sectoral-approaches

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier

skpTrainQR

Slug

training-quality-and-relevance

Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice.

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Identifier

skpCaseStdy

Slug

case-studies-and-good-practices

Publication Date:

11 Aug 2014

Open

wcmstest4_118048.htm

A good practice case study selected by the Commission on Adult Vocational Teaching and Learning (CAVTL), Ofsted, and the Education and Training Foundation (ETF). In 2005, the Association of Master Upholsters and Soft Furnishers (AMUSF) developed its own craft qualifications in an effort to ensure that the qualifications of students were aligned with industry-standards. This case study details how Wendy Shorter Interiors works towards AMSUFs qualification standards and prepares students for the world of work, through the provision of three-tiered training in upholstery and soft furnishing.

Subject Tags:

Apprenticeships

Slug

apprenticeships

Identifier

639

Employability

Slug

employability

Identifier

643

Private sector

Slug

private-sector

Identifier

229

Sectoral approaches

Slug

sectoral-approaches

Identifier

676

Vocational training

Slug

vocational-training

Identifier

124

Regions:

Europe and Central Asia

Region Image

Countries and territories:

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Sistem pendidikan tinggi Indonesia : Seberapa responsif terhadap pasar kerja?

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Sistem pendidikan tinggi Indonesia : Seberapa responsif terhadap pasar kerja?

Language:

Indonesian

Slug

indonesian

Identifier

skpid

Sources:

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Identifier

skpIntOrg

Slug

international-organizations

Topics:

Career guidance and employment services

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Identifier

skpLMIES

Slug

career-guidance-and-employment-services

Sectoral approaches

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Identifier

skpSectApr

Slug

sectoral-approaches

Skills policies and strategies

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Identifier

skpPolConv

Slug

skills-policies-and-strategies

Knowledge Products:

National policies and initiatives

National legislation, policies and initiatives on the issue of training and skills development and the world of work.

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Identifier

skpNatPol

Slug

national-policies-and-initiatives

Publication Date:

06 Aug 2014

Open

wcmstest4_117649.pdf

Indonesia berada di simpang pembangunan.Sebagai salah satu dari 20 perekonomian terbesar di dunia, Indonesia juga memiliki rencana ambisius untuk mencapai status Negara berpendapatan tinggi dan bergabung dengan G-7 pada tahun 2030. Tidak mudah, tantangan yang dihadapi Indonesia. Status quo mungkin tidak memadai untuk mempertahankan tingkat pertumbuhan saat ini. Oleh karenanya percepatan pertumbuhan sangat penting untuk mencapai tujuan-tujuan yang diharapkan. Peningkatan jumlah kelas menengah yang diikuti dengan pertumbuhan pasar domestik, pesatnya urbanisasi dan perluasan pasar ASEAN membawa berbagai kesempatan sekaligus tantangan. Angkatan kerja yang terampil penting untuk dapat memanfaatkan semua kesempatankesempatan ini. Perekonomian yang didorong oleh inovasi memerlukan angkatan kerja dengan keterampilan tinggi yang diperoleh melalui pendidikan tinggi.

Rekomendasi Kebijakan: Meningkatkan pemahaman mengenai sistem dan mengurai ketidaksesuaian keterampilan. Secara khusus, melakukan pemetaan yang komprehensif terkait permintaan dan persediaan keterampilan di berbagai sektor ekonomi – termasuk keterampilan kognitif, teknis, dan non-teknis (sosial dan perilaku) yang akan memberikan gambaran yang lebih jelas mengenai kekurangan dan kelebihan para lulusan; Pengembangan jaminan mutu pendidikan tinggi dan sistem serta proses akreditasi di masa depan harus dipandu oleh sebuah roadmap dan dengan jelas mengartikulasikan tujuan dan rencana aksi; Otonomi dalam pengambilan keputusan, merupakan prasyarat agar institusi dapat merespon kebutuhan dan insentif, harus disertai dengan akuntabilitas; Ada peluang untuk secara eksplisit mengembangkan kolaborasi antara institusi pendidikan tinggi dan sektor swasta termasuk insentifnya.

Subject Tags:

Economic growth

Slug

economic-growth

Identifier

166

Policy convergence

Slug

policy-convergence

Identifier

674

Sectoral approaches

Slug

sectoral-approaches

Identifier

676

Skills and training policy

Slug

skills-and-training-policy

Identifier

666

Skills mismatch

Slug

skills-mismatch

Identifier

654

Transferable skills

Slug

transferable-skills

Identifier

660

Regions:

Asia and the Pacific

Region Image

Countries and territories:

Indonesia

UNIDO-SCANIA: Partnering for employment and economic revival of Iraq’s industrial manufacturing sector

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															UNIDO-SCANIA: Partnering for employment and economic revival of Iraq’s industrial manufacturing sector
													

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpIntOrg

Slug

international-organizations

Other sources

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpOSource

Slug

other-sources

Topics:

Access to training

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Identifier

skpATSU

Slug

access-to-training

Sectoral approaches

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpSectApr

Slug

sectoral-approaches

Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice.

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpCaseStdy

Slug

case-studies-and-good-practices

Promotional material

Presentations, discussion papers, meeting reports, promotional materials, videos, fact sheets, brochures and newsletters on skills development for employment.

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Identifier

skpAIM

Slug

promotional-material

Publication Date:

18 Jul 2014

Open

wcmstest4_116666.htm

In Iraq, the unemployment rate is high especially among youths, who represent approximately 78 percent of the population. The war in Iraq was a great contributor to this problem, given the damage done to infrastructure, including higher education and vocational training institutions. In response to the dire need for employment opportunities and the need for vocational and professional skills training, the Swedish Academy for Training was formed in 2012, through the collective efforts of the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO), Scania, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), Education First (EF) and the Kurdistan Regional Government Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (MoLSA). This Academy targets unemployed Iraqis under the age of 30 and aims to train at least 300 students every year.

Subject Tags: