Asia and the Pacific

Good practices in using partnerships for the delivery of employment services in China

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Document

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															Good practices in using partnerships for the delivery of employment services in China
													

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The International Labour Organization is the tripartite U.N. agency that promotes Decent Work through employment, social security, labour standards and social dialogue. Its work on skills development is guided by the conceptual framework on Skills to improve productivity, employment growth, and development agreed in 2008 by representatives of Governments, Employers’ Associations and Workers’ Associations. Research, policy advice, and pilot projects and technical cooperation programmes to apply good practices in different circumstances across its 185 member States aims to boost the employability of workers, the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, and the inclusiveness of economic growth. The ILO Secretariat in offices in 40 countries works with Ministries of Labour, employers’ organizations, and trade unions to integrate skills development into national and sector development strategies in order to better meet current labour market needs and to prepare for the jobs of the future; to expand access to employment-related training so that youth, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are better able to acquire skills and secure productive and decent work; and to improve the ability of public employment services to provide career guidance, maintain labour exchange services, and deliver active labour market programmes.For more information regarding the ILO’s work on skills and employability go to: http://www.ilo.org/skills/lang--en/index.htm; for ILO/Cinterfor's Knowledge Management Plarform, see: http://www.oitcinterfor.org

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skpILO

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ilo

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Career guidance and employment services

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Career guidance and counselling, career education and lifelong development of skills for employability are key for success in learning activities, effective career transitions, livelihood planning, entrepreneurship and in increasing labour market participation. They are instrumental in promoting skills utilization, recognition (RPL), as well as in improving enterprise human resource management.

Career development activities encompass a wide variety of support activities including career information and advice, counselling, work exposure (e.g. job shadowing, work experience periods), assessment, coaching, mentoring, professional networking, advocacy, basic and employability skills training (curricular and non-curricular) and entrepreneurship training. It is often an area which is fragmented across different ministries (e.g. education, TVET, employment, youth) requiring an effort to achieve the necessary coordination to provide adequate support to individuals during learning, employment and unemployment/inactivity periods.

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skpLMIES

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career-guidance-and-employment-services

Monitoring and evaluation

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Measuring the outcomes of skills systems, policies and targeted programmes is essential in order to monitor and improve their effectiveness and relevance. Elements of sound assessment processes include: institutions to sustain feedback from employers and trainees; mechanisms to track labour market outcomes of training and systems of accountability that use this information; and, quantitative and qualitative labour market information and its dissemination to all stakeholders.

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skpPolPer

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monitoring-and-evaluation

Skills policies and strategies

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Skills and employment policies should be viewed together. The full value of one policy set is realized when it supports the objectives of the other. For investments in education and training to yield maximum benefit to workers, enterprises, and economies, countries’ capacities for coordination is critical in three areas: connecting basic education to technical training and then to market entry; ensuring continuous communication between employers and training providers so that training meets the needs and aspirations of workers and enterprises, and integrating skills development policies with industrial, investment, trade, technology, environmental, rural and local development policies.

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skpPolConv

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skills-policies-and-strategies

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues.

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skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

15 Jun 2018

Open

Good practices in using partnerships for the delivery of employment services in China

ILO Employment Policy Department, Working Paper No. 229

Partnerships to deliver employment services and active labour market programmes are slowly emerging in China. This paper introduces the reader to the basic principles shaping partnerships between public, private, and non-governmental providers. Three case studies offer a good insight into the challenges and specific factors that make partnerships work in provinces where innovations and experimentation is taking place.

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Employability

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employability

Identifier

643

Public private partnerships

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public-private-partnerships

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138

Regions:

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Countries and territories:

China

Asian Development Outlook 2018: How Technology Affects Jobs

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Document

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Asian Development Outlook 2018: How Technology Affects Jobs

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English

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english

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skpEng

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Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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skpIntOrg

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international-organizations

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Anticipating and matching skills needs

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Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions.

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skpAFSN

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anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs

Career guidance and employment services

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skpLMIES

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career-guidance-and-employment-services

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

13 Apr 2018

Open

edmsp1_212424.pdf

This year’s Asian Development Outlook draws attention to opportunities and concerns presented by new technologies in the workplace. The application of new technologies will boost productivity, but at the same time it will displace certain types of jobs. Evidence shows, however, that rising demand and higher output will create jobs, outweighing job displacement, especially with the addition of new occupations and industries that will arise to meet the new needs of producers and consumers. This transition will require a skilled workforce and could put the less-skilled at a disadvantage. The challenge for governments is to ensure that workers are equipped with foundational skills to enable lifelong learning and have the specialized skills required for working with new technologies. Governments must act to enhance and adapt skills development, labor regulation, social protection, and income redistribution. Finally, they must ensure that new technologies develop in ways that benefit people and protect their rights.

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Employability

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employability

Identifier

643

Labour market information

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labour-market-information

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684

Technology

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technology

Identifier

345

Regions:

Asia and the Pacific

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Baseline Assessment of Skills and Employment of Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Bangladesh

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Document

Content Type:

															Baseline Assessment of Skills and Employment of Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Bangladesh
													

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English

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english

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skpEng

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ILO

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skpILO

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ilo

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

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skpOSource

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other-sources

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Access to training

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Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business.

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skpATSU

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access-to-training

Research papers

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skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

06 Mar 2018

Open

edmsp1_209828.pdf

This publication highlights the need for Indigenous and Tribal men and women in Bangladesh to have enhanced access to skills training opportunities in order to help them find decent work. The Skills and Employment Baseline Assessment of Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Bangladesh was conducted by the Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS) for the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) with the support of ILO. The findings of this report will contribute greatly to the body of knowledge on the socio-economic condition and skills of indigenous and tribal peoples in Bangladesh. The survey indicates that the skills and employability of Indigenous and Tribal men and women in Bangladesh urgently need to be enhanced. Providing skills that link to Decent Work is an important step which will help lift many out of poverty.

Subject Tags:

Access to training

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access-to-training

Identifier

683

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poverty-alleviation

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149

Regions:

Asia and the Pacific

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Countries and territories:

Bangladesh

Bangladesh has a strong track record of growth and development, even in times of elevated global uncertainty. A robust demographic dividend, strong ready-made garment exports, resilient remittance inflows, and stable macroeconomic conditions have supported rapid economic growth over the past two decades. A strong recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic continued in FY22, although a recent surge in commodity prices has presented new headwinds.

Bangladesh reached lower-middle income status in 2015. It is on track to graduate from the UN’s Least Developed Countries list in 2026. Poverty declined from 43.5 percent in 1991 to 14.3 percent in 2016, based on the international poverty line of $1.90 a day (1).

Like many of its Asian neighbours, Bangladesh faces a major challenge trying to develop modern, employability skills for tens of millions of young women and men. It has a large informal sector, which accounts for 94.7 percent of the total employment in 2017 (2). Youth continue to be highly affected by the lack of opportunities, with the share of youth aged 15-24 not in employment, education or training (NEET), estimated at 27.8 percent in 2020 (3).

TVET has a huge role to play in equipping the vast young labour force of 15-29 years referred to as the country’s “demographic dividend” with employability skills and providing enhanced support services to ensure a better transition from school to work. TVET may also contribute to reducing poverty by providing employability skills, particularly to those who drop out of school early and to a large number of unemployed and underemployed adults.

Despite many reform initiatives by the government, the TVET sector needs further strengthening through reform of policies and systems in the labour market. Enhancing industry-relevance of TVET qualifications will furthermore require closer Government cooperation with the private sector. For one and a half decade, the ILO has worked closely with the Government of Bangladesh and its Social Partners to reform the TVET sector and to improve access for people to increase their skills and employability, in particular youth, women and people from other marginalized groups.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic had detrimental effects on the TVET sector, due to the nation-wide closure of all educational institutes for one and a half years, starting on 17 March 2020. Most students’ learning was effectively abolished for this duration, and learning and certification was only possible through limited online learning facilities in existence at the time. Only recently has the TVET returned to its prior activity level.

The ILO landmark programmes aim to strengthen and improve the environment for industry skills development, address the mismatch between the supply and demand for skills training, and drive the increased employability of millions of young women and men. ILO’s support to develop the skills system in Bangladesh has focused on skills system governance, development of skills policies and qualifications frameworks; delivery of quality skills training, expanding access to TVET, and involvement by the private sector.

Sources

(1) https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bangladesh/overview

(2) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/informality/

(3) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/youth/

Country Assessment and Priority (CAP) – Bangladesh strategy for skills and lifelong learning (2022)

Situation Analysis of Bangladesh TVET Sector (2019) https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—asia/—ro-bangkok/—ilo-dhaka/documents/publication/wcms_735704.pdf_

Major achievements of the Bangladesh Skills for Employment and Productivity (B-SEP) project

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Document

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															Major achievements of the Bangladesh Skills for Employment and Productivity (B-SEP) project
													

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English

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english

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skpEng

Sources:

Bilateral organizations

The development agencies of many countries make skills development a pillar of their Official Development Assistance – from the perspective of education systems, employment promotion, poverty reduction, and private sector development. Documentation of their experience, evaluations and impact assessments, mission statements, and other knowledge products are made available through the Global KSP.

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skpBiOrg

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bilateral-organizations

ILO

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Identifier

skpILO

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ilo

Topics:

Access to training

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skpATSU

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access-to-training

Career guidance and employment services

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Identifier

skpLMIES

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career-guidance-and-employment-services

Training quality and relevance

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skpTrainQR

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training-quality-and-relevance

Knowledge Products:

Promotional material

Presentations, discussion papers, meeting reports, promotional materials, videos, fact sheets, brochures and newsletters on skills development for employment.

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skpAIM

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promotional-material

Publication Date:

14 Feb 2018

Open

edmsp1_209020.pdf

The B-SEP project is funded by the Government of Canada with the support of the Government of Bangladesh. Every year almost two million young people enter the Bangladesh workforce. There is an urgent need to provide opportunities for skills training that matches the growing needs of industry. The Bangladesh Skills for Employment and Productivity (B-SEP) project is a skills project implemented by the International Labour Organization and funded by the Government of Canada with the support of the Government of Bangladesh. B-SEP project is supporting Government efforts to strengthen and deepen skills reform in Bangladesh for improved productivity and economic growth. B-SEP project addresses the challenges facing the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) sector by developing institutional capacity of the skills system as well as building industries capacity for improved productivity. In addition, B-SEP project creates linkages between institutions and industries, matching supply and demand for skilled workers as well as promoting social inclusion.

Through its actions B-SEP project contributes to the creation of a stronger skills system that provides better employment opportunities for young men and women while meeting the needs of industry. This in turn contributes to the attainment of Decent Work, sustainable economic development, poverty reduction and social inclusion in Bangladesh. This publication captures the key achievements of the B-SEP project to date as it works to create a stronger foundation upon which Bangladesh can build the skilled workforce it needs for the future.

Subject Tags:

Access to training

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access-to-training

Identifier

683

Competency standards

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competency-standards

Identifier

642

People with disabilities

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people-with-disabilities

Identifier

323

Private sector

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private-sector

Identifier

229

TVET systems

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tvet-systems

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661

Regions:

Asia and the Pacific

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Countries and territories:

Bangladesh

Sources

(1) https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bangladesh/overview

(2) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/informality/

(3) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/youth/

Country Assessment and Priority (CAP) – Bangladesh strategy for skills and lifelong learning (2022)

Situation Analysis of Bangladesh TVET Sector (2019) https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—asia/—ro-bangkok/—ilo-dhaka/documents/publication/wcms_735704.pdf_

Diversifying the funding sources for TVET

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Document

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Diversifying the funding sources for TVET

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English

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english

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skpEng

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Identifier

skpIntOrg

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international-organizations

Topics:

Financing of training

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Initial education and training and lifelong learning benefit individuals, employers and society as a whole. Economic principles dictate that the costs for services with public and private benefits should be shared between public and private funding, or else too little training will be provided or taken up. Effective mechanisms for financing skills development vary according to countries’ economic and political circumstances and the degree and level of social dialogue established.

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skpFinanT

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financing-training

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

14 Feb 2018

Open

Diversifying the funding sources for TVET

Report of the UNESCO-UNEVOC virtual conference, 16 to 22 January 2017.

The Virtual Conference organized from 16 – 22 January 2017 on the topic of 'Diversifying the funding sources for TVET'was attended by 219 participants from 81 countries. It facilitated the sharing of experiences, tools and best practices on funding for TVET, and built on comparative studies on the financing of skills development conducted in South-East Asia (French Development Agency, UNESCO, Gret), in Latin America, and in Sub-Saharan Africa (French Development Agency, Association for the Development of Education in Africa, Gret).

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Regions:

Africa

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Americas

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Asia and the Pacific

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Innovations in Knowledge and Learning: Postsecondary Education Reform to Support Employment and Inclusive Growth

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Innovations in Knowledge and Learning: Postsecondary Education Reform to Support Employment and Inclusive Growth
													

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English

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english

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skpEng

Sources:

Other sources

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Identifier

skpOSource

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other-sources

Topics:

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier

skpTrainQR

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training-quality-and-relevance

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

25 Jan 2018

Open

edmsp1_208016.pdf

As demand for post-secondary education increases and more nontraditional service providers emerge, education service delivery also needs to evolve.

To meet modern-day challenges of improving quality and relevance, responding to new knowledge, and strengthening teaching and learning, the post-secondary education space must revise system structures, content designs, and delivery strategies, i.e., engage in disruptive thinking. Governments need to implement effective regulatory processes to ensure quality and equitable access by all students. Education programs must be in sync with workplace needs and built around 'knowledge clusters' rather than specialized fields. Diverse and multiple disruptions will become the norm.

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TVET systems

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tvet-systems

Identifier

661

Regions:

Asia and the Pacific

Region Image

Global

Good practices in using partnerships for effective and efficient delivery of employment services and active labour market policies in India

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Good practices in using partnerships for effective and efficient delivery of employment services and active labour market policies in India
													

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

ILO

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Identifier

skpILO

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ilo

Topics:

Career guidance and employment services

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Identifier

skpLMIES

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career-guidance-and-employment-services

Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice.

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skpCaseStdy

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case-studies-and-good-practices

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

17 Jan 2018

Open

Good practices in using partnerships for effective and efficient delivery of employment services and active labour market policies in India

ILO Employment Policy Department. EMPLOYMENT Working Paper No. 233

This country study on India examines the framework for provision of employment services in the country, focusing on the recent comprehensive and radical reforms undertaken to revamp the system through the establishment of the National Career Service (NCS) in 2015, replacing the National Employment Service. The NCS, built around the versatile and universal online jobs portal and the establishment of modern model career centres, seeks to rally all key stakeholders in the labour market, through partnerships to improve service provision.

Subject Tags:

Employment services

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employment-services

Identifier

680

Regions:

Asia and the Pacific

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Countries and territories:

India

ASEAN in the next 50 years: How the region can remake its future in manufacturing

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															ASEAN in the next 50 years: How the region can remake its future in manufacturing
													

Language:

English

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english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

Other sources

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Identifier

skpOSource

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other-sources

Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

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Identifier

skpAFSN

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anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs

Knowledge Products:

Promotional material

Presentations, discussion papers, meeting reports, promotional materials, videos, fact sheets, brochures and newsletters on skills development for employment.

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Identifier

skpAIM

Slug

promotional-material

Publication Date:

12 Jan 2018

Open

edmsp1_207415.pdf

Article by Shirley Santoso, Partner, A.T. Kearney. This article is part of the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2018.

Subject Tags:

Skills anticipation

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skills-anticipation

Identifier

677

Skills upgrading

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skills-upgrading

Identifier

657

Regions:

Asia and the Pacific

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Financing TVET in the East Asia and Pacific Region: current status, challenges and opportunities

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Financing TVET in the East Asia and Pacific Region: current status, challenges and opportunities 
													

Language:

English

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english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

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Identifier

skpIntOrg

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international-organizations

Other sources

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Identifier

skpOSource

Slug

other-sources

Topics:

Financing of training

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Identifier

skpFinanT

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financing-training

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

19 Dec 2017

Open

Financing TVET in the East Asia and Pacific Region: current status, challenges and opportunities

This brief has been produced under the Korea - World Bank Partnership Facility

The East Asia and Pacific (EAP) region is very diverse and there is a wide range in the extent to which firms across these countries identify the education level of their work force as being a major constraint. However, developing skills, including vocational and technical skills, and enhancing employability are clear strategic objectives in the EAP region. Countries in the region face strong pressures to expand their technical and vocational education and training (TVET) systems and enhance their quality, while also facing spending pressures on basic and higher education. As this demand increases, the need for sustainable financing for TVET becomes more urgent; this is not only about ensuring that sufficient and predictable revenue streams exist to fund training programs, but perhaps just as importantly about how financing mechanisms themselves can be strongly linked to achieving policy objectives of making TVET systems more accessible, equitable, efficient, demand-driven, responsive and relevant.

This brief aims to address the following key questions with regard to TVET financing in the EAP region:

• Where does TVET funding come from?
• How are TVET funds spent?
• How are TVET funds currently allocated?
• What role can TVET financing play in achieving TVET and national policy objectives?
• How can countries create the right environment for TVET financing?

Subject Tags:

Financing of training

TVET systems

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tvet-systems

Identifier

661

Vocational training

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vocational-training

Identifier

124

Regions:

Asia and the Pacific

Region Image

Risks and rewards: Outcomes of labour migration in South-East Asia

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Risks and rewards: Outcomes of labour migration in South-East Asia

Language:

English

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english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

ILO

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Identifier

skpILO

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ilo

Other sources

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Identifier

skpOSource

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other-sources

Topics:

Migrant workers

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According to the ILO global estimates on migrant workers, there were around 164 million migrant workers in 2017.

Migrant workers contribute to growth and development in their countries of destination, while countries of origin greatly benefit from their remittances and the skills acquired during their migration experience. Yet, many migrant workers face challenges in accessing quality training and decent jobs including under-utilization of skills, a lack of employment or training opportunities, lack of information, and exploitation of low-skilled workers.

To address these challenges, countries need to strengthen skills anticipation systems to inform migration policies, increase access to education and training, and establish bilateral or multilateral recognition of qualifications and skills.

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skpMigWor

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migrant-workers

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

19 Dec 2017

Open

Risks and rewards: Outcomes of labour migration in South-East Asia

This report assesses changes in the lives of migrant workers from before to after their migration and provides recommendations for improving outcomes within the region.

Labour migration has never featured more prominently within South-East Asia than it does today. However, the realities experienced by migrant workers are often hidden from view due to the temporary and irregular nature of much of the migration occurring within the region. As a result, there remains a dearth of reliable data that can be utilized for the development of evidence-based policy and programming.

To inform their interventions, the International Labour Organization and the International Organization for Migration collaborated on a large-scale regional survey of over 1,800 migrant workers. The findings challenge some of the commonly held assumptions about the end result of labour migration in South-East Asia and how best to ensure a safe and rewarding experience for migrant workers. Positive outcomes can be achieved if migrant workers are able to avoid burdensome debts, benefit from labour rights protection, enhance their job skills and find gainful employment upon return. Lack of assurance of obtaining these conditions contributes to a situation where labour migration is often a considerable gamble for migrant workers and their family members. .

The study was supported by the Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Global Affairs Canada and Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation through the ILO TRIANGLE in ASEAN and the IOM Promise programmes.

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