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Information and communication technologies

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information-and-communication-technologies
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346

The role of teacher training in technical and vocational education and training in Africa

The role of teacher training in technical and vocational education and training in Africa

Type:
Document
Content Type:
The role of teacher training in technical and vocational education and training in Africa
Language:

English

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english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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skpIntOrg
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international-organizations
Topics:

Training quality and relevance

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skpTrainQR
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training-quality-and-relevance
Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice. 

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Identifier
skpCaseStdy
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case-studies-and-good-practices

Promotional material

Presentations, discussion papers, meeting reports, promotional materials, videos, fact sheets, brochures and newsletters on skills development for employment.

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Identifier
skpAIM
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promotional-material
Publication Date:
02 Sep 2013
UNESCO International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa Newsletter Volume 13 No. 2, December, 2011 UNESCO International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa explores ways to strengthen TVET policies and practices in the region. This newsletter contains articles that analyse key issues, emerging questions, and good practices in teacher training in TVET. Among the topics covered are new challenges in TVET teacher education in the context of the emerging knowledge society; the TVET reform in Mozambique; challenges for TVET in Ethiopia; and the role of teacher training in TVET in Africa.
Subject Tags:

Information and communication technologies

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information-and-communication-technologies
Identifier
346

TVET systems

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tvet-systems
Identifier
661
Regions:

Africa

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Countries and territories:

Competitiveness and private sector development: Kazakhstan 2010: Sector competitiveness strategy

Competitiveness and private sector development: Kazakhstan 2010: Sector competitiveness strategy

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Competitiveness and private sector development: Kazakhstan 2010: Sector competitiveness strategy
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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skpIntOrg
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international-organizations
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Sectoral approaches

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Matching skills to labour market demand requires reliable sectoral and occupational information and institutions that connect employers with training providers.  Sector based strategies and institutions have proved effective in engaging all stakeholders in promoting both pre-employment training and life-long learning.

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skpSectApr
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sectoral-approaches
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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skpRPS
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research-papers
Publication Date:
05 Aug 2013
In 2009 Kazakhstan launched a far-reaching programme to diversify its sources of foreign direct investment. To support this effort, Kazakhstan asked the OECD to undertake a Sector Competitiveness Review. This report, which represents the first phase of the review, provides an assessment and strategy to help Kazakhstan enhance the competitiveness of its non-energy sectors including agri-business, fertilizers, logistics, business services and information technology. While it acknowledges that the government has successfully implemented a first generation of business climate reforms, the report recommends that sector-specific policy barriers be further addressed. For example, policy makers could stimulate quality improvements and modernise production in some sectors by facilitating access to finance, attracting modern retailers and addressing skills gaps in the workforce.

This review was carried out under the aegis of the OECD Eurasia Competitiveness Programme, a regional programme that contributes to economic growth and development in eleven countries of the former Soviet Union as well as Afghanistan and Mongolia.
Subject Tags:

Agribusiness

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agribusiness
Identifier
223

Information and communication technologies

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information-and-communication-technologies
Identifier
346

Private sector

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private-sector
Identifier
229

Public private partnerships

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public-private-partnerships
Identifier
138

Sectoral approaches

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sectoral-approaches
Identifier
676

Skills mismatch

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skills-mismatch
Identifier
654
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Countries and territories:

Конкурентоспособность и развитие частного сектора, Казахстан, Стратегия повышения отраслевой конкурентоспособности

Конкурентоспособность и развитие частного сектора, Казахстан, Стратегия повышения отраслевой конкурентоспособности

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Конкурентоспособность и развитие частного сектора, Казахстан, Стратегия повышения отраслевой конкурентоспособности
Language:

Russian

Slug
russian
Identifier
skpRus
Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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Identifier
skpIntOrg
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international-organizations
Topics:

Sectoral approaches

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Matching skills to labour market demand requires reliable sectoral and occupational information and institutions that connect employers with training providers.  Sector based strategies and institutions have proved effective in engaging all stakeholders in promoting both pre-employment training and life-long learning.

Identifier
skpSectApr
Slug
sectoral-approaches
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
05 Aug 2013

В 2009 году Казахстан приступил к реализации масштабной программы диверсификации источников прямых иностранных инвестиций. С этой целью правительство обратилось к ОЭСР с просьбой о проведении Обзора отраслевой конкурентоспособности. В настоящем докладе, представляющем первую стадию реализации проекта, содержится оценка и излагается стратегия повышения конкурентоспособности неэнергетических отраслей экономики Казахстана, в том числе агропромышленного комплекса, агрохимии, логистики, сектора деловых услуг и информационных технологий. Несмотря на то что правительство страны успешно провело первый этап реформ, направленных на создание благоприятного делового климата, государству рекомендуется устранить основные политические барьеры, препятствующие развитию рассмотренных отраслей. Так, для улучшения качества продукции и модернизации производства необходимо принять меры по обеспечению доступа к финансированию, привлечению современных предприятий розничной торговли и повышению квалификации персонала.

Настоящий обзор был подготовлен в рамках Программы ОЭСР по повышению конкурентоспособности стран Евразии, региональной программы, направленной на содействие экономическому росту и развитию одиннадцати республик бывшего Советсткого Союза, а также Афганистана и Монголии.

Subject Tags:

Agribusiness

Slug
agribusiness
Identifier
223

Information and communication technologies

Slug
information-and-communication-technologies
Identifier
346

Private sector

Slug
private-sector
Identifier
229

Public private partnerships

Slug
public-private-partnerships
Identifier
138

Sectoral approaches

Slug
sectoral-approaches
Identifier
676

Skills mismatch

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skills-mismatch
Identifier
654
Regions:
Countries and territories:

Public-private partnerships bring added value to the classroom

Public-private partnerships bring added value to the classroom

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Public-private partnerships bring added value to the classroom
Language:

English

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english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Bilateral organizations

The development agencies of many countries make skills development a pillar of their Official Development Assistance – from the perspective of education systems, employment promotion, poverty reduction, and private sector development. Documentation of their experience, evaluations and impact assessments, mission statements, and other knowledge products are made available through the Global KSP.

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skpBiOrg
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bilateral-organizations
Topics:

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier
skpTrainQR
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training-quality-and-relevance
Knowledge Products:

Promotional material

Presentations, discussion papers, meeting reports, promotional materials, videos, fact sheets, brochures and newsletters on skills development for employment.

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Identifier
skpAIM
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promotional-material
Publication Date:
01 Aug 2013
A recent European Training Foundation (ETF) initiative shows that effective public-private partnerships in North Africa and the Middle East can be key in fostering new technology-based learning solutions that address skills needs in the global market in general and in the fast expanding ICT industry in particular.
In close cooperation with the European Learning Industry Group, the ETF has gathered valuable information on current ICT learning activities and approaches in the region based on interviews with private companies and school representatives.
Subject Tags:

Information and communication technologies

Slug
information-and-communication-technologies
Identifier
346

Public private partnerships

Slug
public-private-partnerships
Identifier
138
Regions:

Africa

Region Image

Arab States

Region Image

ICTs for TVET: Report of the UNESCO-UNEVOC online conference

ICTs for TVET: Report of the UNESCO-UNEVOC online conference

Type:
Document
Content Type:
ICTs for TVET: Report of the UNESCO-UNEVOC online conference
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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Identifier
skpIntOrg
Slug
international-organizations
Topics:

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier
skpTrainQR
Slug
training-quality-and-relevance
Knowledge Products:

Promotional material

Presentations, discussion papers, meeting reports, promotional materials, videos, fact sheets, brochures and newsletters on skills development for employment.

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Identifier
skpAIM
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promotional-material
Publication Date:
31 Jul 2013
The report summarizes the discussions that were held during the e-Forum online conference exploring the role Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) plays in access to and quality of technical and vocational education and training (TVET). The 2-week discussion was moderated by Mr Nik Kafka, CEO and founder of Teach A Man To Fish, an international non-governmental organization supporting schools across the developing world, and attracted 247 participants from 77 countries across the globe. The discussion aimed at facilitating dialogue on the implications of the digital learning revolution for TVET around the world. The discussion was divided into 4 main topic areas:
1. ICTs as a tool: increasing the reach and impact of TVET through ICT.
2. ICTs in the classroom: how can ICTs be used to improve learning outcomes?
3. ICTs as a goal of TVET: what are the ICTs skills needs in the workplace of tomorrow?
4. ICT challenges: the barriers, fears and risks of the wider use of ICTs in TVET.
The report aims to summarize the findings of the conference in order to help provide information and directions for future research as well as programme work in this field.
Subject Tags:

Information and communication technologies

Slug
information-and-communication-technologies
Identifier
346

TVET systems

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tvet-systems
Identifier
661
Regions:

Bangladesh - Korea ICT Training Center for Education (BKITCE)

Bangladesh - Korea ICT Training Center for Education (BKITCE)

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Bangladesh - Korea ICT Training Center for Education (BKITCE)
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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skpIntOrg
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international-organizations
Topics:

Monitoring and evaluation

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Measuring the outcomes of skills systems, policies and targeted programmes is essential in order to monitor and improve their effectiveness and relevance. Elements of sound assessment processes include: institutions to sustain feedback from employers and trainees; mechanisms to track labour market outcomes of training and systems of accountability that use this information; and, quantitative and qualitative labour market information and its dissemination to all stakeholders.

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skpPolPer
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monitoring-and-evaluation

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier
skpTrainQR
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training-quality-and-relevance
Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice. 

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Identifier
skpCaseStdy
Slug
case-studies-and-good-practices
Publication Date:
01 Jul 2013
The paper provides an overview of the ‘Establishment of Bangladesh- Korea ICT Training Center for Education (BKITCE)’ project. It is a collaborative programme between the Bangladesh Bureau of Education Information and Statistics (BANBEIS) of the Ministry of Education and the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA). The project is the first of its kind to exemplify the south-south cooperation in Bangladesh. Training of secondary and higher secondary teachers within this project was a pioneering opportunity for both KOICA and BANBEIS to work as a catalyst for quick spread of ICT education in Bangladesh. The project orchestrated the design of an appropriate IT infrastructure by setting up and operating a state-of-the-art training center in the country. It launched five ICT labs in the renovated and remodelled BANBEIS computer division as the center of excellence. The expected results included anchoring of ICT education as central point of cooperation between the two countries of the Southern region, training of central and field level officials/staff as well as teachers of the secondary and higher secondary level, promoting GIS application training, and offering post-graduate diploma in ICT.
Subject Tags:

Information and communication technologies

Slug
information-and-communication-technologies
Identifier
346
Regions:
Countries and territories:

Bangladesh

Bangladesh has a strong track record of growth and development, even in times of elevated global uncertainty.  A robust demographic dividend, strong ready-made garment exports, resilient remittance inflows, and stable macroeconomic conditions have supported rapid economic growth over the past two decades. A strong recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic continued in FY22, although a recent surge in commodity prices has presented new headwinds. 

Bangladesh reached lower-middle income status in 2015. It is on track to graduate from the UN’s Least Developed Countries list in 2026. Poverty declined from 43.5 percent in 1991 to 14.3 percent in 2016, based on the international poverty line of $1.90 a day (1).  

Like many of its Asian neighbours, Bangladesh faces a major challenge trying to develop modern, employability skills for tens of millions of young women and men. It has a large informal sector, which accounts for 94.7 percent of the total employment in 2017 (2). Youth continue to be highly affected by the lack of opportunities, with the share of youth aged 15-24 not in employment, education or training (NEET), estimated at 27.8 percent in 2020 (3). 

TVET has a huge role to play in equipping the vast young labour force of 15-29 years referred to as the country’s “demographic dividend” with employability skills and providing enhanced support services to ensure a better transition from school to work. TVET may also contribute to reducing poverty by providing employability skills, particularly to those who drop out of school early and to a large number of unemployed and underemployed adults.  

Despite many reform initiatives by the government, the TVET sector needs further strengthening through reform of policies and systems in the labour market.  Enhancing industry-relevance of TVET qualifications will furthermore require closer Government cooperation with the private sector. For one and a half decade, the ILO has worked closely with the Government of Bangladesh and its Social Partners to reform the TVET sector and to improve access for people to increase their skills and employability, in particular youth, women and people from other marginalized groups. 

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic had detrimental effects on the TVET sector, due to the nation-wide closure of all educational institutes for one and a half years, starting on 17 March 2020.  Most students’ learning was effectively abolished for this duration, and learning and certification was only possible through limited online learning facilities in existence at the time. Only recently has the TVET returned to its prior activity level. 

The ILO landmark programmes aim to strengthen and improve the environment for industry skills development, address the mismatch between the supply and demand for skills training, and drive the increased employability of millions of young women and men. ILO’s support to develop the skills system in Bangladesh has focused on skills system governance, development of skills policies and qualifications frameworks; delivery of quality skills training, expanding access to TVET, and involvement by the private sector.    

 

Sources 

(1) https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bangladesh/overview

(2) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/informality/

(3) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/youth/

Country Assessment and Priority (CAP) – Bangladesh strategy for skills and lifelong learning (2022)

Situation Analysis of Bangladesh TVET Sector (2019) https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—asia/—ro-bangkok/—ilo-dhaka/documents/publication/wcms_735704.pdf_

Enhancing the employability of disadvantaged youth: What? Why? and How? Guide to core work skills

Enhancing the employability of disadvantaged youth: What? Why? and How? Guide to core work skills

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Enhancing the employability of disadvantaged youth: What? Why? and How? Guide to core work skills
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

ILO

The International Labour Organization is the tripartite U.N. agency that promotes Decent Work through employment, social security, labour standards and social dialogue. Its work on skills development is guided by the conceptual framework on Skills to improve productivity, employment growth, and development agreed in 2008 by representatives of Governments, Employers’ Associations and Workers’ Associations. Research, policy advice, and pilot projects and technical cooperation programmes to apply good practices in different circumstances across its 185 member States aims to boost the employability of workers, the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, and the inclusiveness of economic growth. The ILO Secretariat in offices in 40 countries works with Ministries of Labour, employers’ organizations, and trade unions to integrate skills development into national and sector development strategies in order to better meet current labour market needs and to prepare for the jobs of the future; to expand access to employment-related training so that youth, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are better able to acquire skills and secure productive and decent work; and to improve the ability of public employment services to provide career guidance, maintain labour exchange services, and deliver active labour market programmes.For more information regarding the ILO’s work on skills and employability go to: http://www.ilo.org/skills/lang--en/index.htm; for ILO/Cinterfor's Knowledge Management Plarform, see: http://www.oitcinterfor.org

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skpILO
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ilo
Topics:

Career guidance and employment services

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Career guidance and counselling, career education and lifelong development of skills for employability are key for success in learning activities, effective career transitions, livelihood planning, entrepreneurship and in increasing labour market participation. They are instrumental in promoting skills utilization, recognition (RPL), as well as in improving enterprise human resource management.

Career development activities encompass a wide variety of support activities including career information and advice, counselling, work exposure (e.g. job shadowing, work experience periods), assessment, coaching, mentoring, professional networking, advocacy, basic and employability skills training (curricular and non-curricular) and entrepreneurship training. It is often an area which is fragmented across different ministries (e.g. education, TVET, employment, youth) requiring an effort to achieve the necessary coordination to provide adequate support to individuals during learning, employment and unemployment/inactivity periods.
 

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skpLMIES
Slug
career-guidance-and-employment-services

Youth employability

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Globally, nearly 68 million young women and men are looking for and available for work,  and an estimated 123 million young people are working but living in poverty. The number who are not in employment, education or training (NEET) stands at 267 million, a majority of whom are young women. Significantly, young people are three times as likely as adults (25 years and older) to be unemployed.

Skills development is a primary means of enabling young people to make a smooth transition to work. A comprehensive approach is required to integrate young women and men in the labour market, including relevant and quality skills training, labour market information, career guidance and employment services, recognition of prior learning, incorporating entrepreneurship with training and effective skills forecasting. Improved basic education and core work skills are particularly important to enable youth to engage in lifelong learning as well as transition to the labour market. 

Identifier
skpYoEmp
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youth-employability
Knowledge Products:

Other knowledge products

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Identifier
skpOProduct
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other-knowledge-products
Publication Date:
14 May 2013
This paper is designed to guide readers through the key issues in identifying the relevant core skills for employability, understanding their importance and ways these skills can be delivered, attained and recognized. An ILO review of numerous teaching methodologies and training techniques demonstrates that acquiring such skills requires innovative ways of delivering training, so that core skills go hand in hand with technical skills. This guide illustrates various ways of integrating employability skills into core academic content and vocational training, rather than providing a “core skills curriculum”.

Recognizing the added hurdles that disadvantaged youth face in the labour market the guide pays particular attention to this group. Innovative use of ICT, improving informal apprenticeships systems and targeted interventions directed at the specific hurdles provide greater opportunities to bring core work skills into technical training of disadvantaged young women and men.
Subject Tags:

Apprenticeships

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apprenticeships
Identifier
639

Disadvantaged youth

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disadvantaged-youth
Identifier
663

Employability

Slug
employability
Identifier
643

Entrepreneurship

Slug
entrepreneurship
Identifier
182

Information and communication technologies

Slug
information-and-communication-technologies
Identifier
346

Skills recognition

Slug
skills-recognition
Identifier
656

Vocational training

Slug
vocational-training
Identifier
124
Regions:

Promotion of the use of information and communication technologies in technical and vocational education and training in CIS countries: Analytical report

Promotion of the use of information and communication technologies in technical and vocational education and training in CIS countries: Analytical report

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Promotion of the use of information and communication technologies in technical and vocational education and training in CIS countries: Analytical report
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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Identifier
skpIntOrg
Slug
international-organizations
Topics:

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier
skpTrainQR
Slug
training-quality-and-relevance
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
07 May 2013
The present analytical report is prepared by the UNESCO Institute for Information Technologies in Education (UNESCO IITE) in cooperation with national experts from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan in the framework of the joint project with the Intergovernmental Foundation for Educational, Scientific and Cultural Cooperation (IFESCCO). The report contains information on the current situation and main tendencies in ICT use in TVET in CIS countries, as well as recommendations on its further development, taking into consideration international experience, national priorities and contemporary socio-economic situation.
Subject Tags:

Information and communication technologies

Slug
information-and-communication-technologies
Identifier
346

Lifelong learning

Slug
lifelong-learning
Identifier
400

TVET systems

Slug
tvet-systems
Identifier
661
Regions:

Продвижение использования информационных и коммуникационных технологий

Продвижение использования информационных и коммуникационных технологий

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Продвижение использования информационных и коммуникационных технологий
Language:

Russian

Slug
russian
Identifier
skpRus
Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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Identifier
skpIntOrg
Slug
international-organizations
Topics:

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier
skpTrainQR
Slug
training-quality-and-relevance
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
07 May 2013

Аналитический отчет

Настоящий сводный аналитический отчет подготовлен Институтом ЮНЕСКО по информационным технологиям в образовании в сотрудничестве с экспертами из Азербайджана, Армении, Беларуси, Казахстана, Кыргызстана, Молдовы, России, Узбекистана и Украины в рамках совместного проекта с Межгосударственным фондом гуманитарного сотрудничества государств-участников СНГ (МФГС). Отчет содержит анализ текущего состояния и основных тенденций использования информационных и коммуникационных технологий (ИКТ) в профессионально-техническом образовании (ПТО) в странах СНГ, а также рекомендации по совершенствованию и развитию практики применения ИКТ в ПТО с учетом международного опыта, национальных приоритетов и текущей социально-экономической ситуации.

Subject Tags:

Information and communication technologies

Slug
information-and-communication-technologies
Identifier
346

Lifelong learning

Slug
lifelong-learning
Identifier
400

TVET systems

Slug
tvet-systems
Identifier
661
Regions:

Openness and technological innovation in East Asia: Have they increased the demand for skills?

Openness and technological innovation in East Asia: Have they increased the demand for skills?

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Openness and technological innovation in East Asia: Have they increased the demand for skills?
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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Identifier
skpIntOrg
Slug
international-organizations
Topics:

Other topic

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Identifier
skpOIssue
Slug
other-topic
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers

Statistical information

Data produced by the international organizations and countries on trends in skills provision, demand, and employment outcomes to help inform policy-making and monitoring processes.

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Identifier
skpStatInfo
Slug
statistical-information
Publication Date:
06 May 2013
This paper examines whether the increased openness and technological innovation in East Asia have contributed to an increased demand for skills in the region. The author explores a unique firm level data set across eight countries in Asia and the Pacific region. The results strongly support the idea that greater openness and technological innovation have increased the demand for skills, especially in middle-income countries. In particular, while the presence in international markets has been skill enhancing for most middle-income countries, this is not the case for manufacturing firms operating in China and in low-income countries. The author interprets this to support the premise that if international integration in the region continues to intensify and technology continues to be skilled biased, policies aimed at mitigating the skills shortages should produce continual and persistent increase in skills.
Subject Tags:

Enterprises

Slug
enterprises
Identifier
175

Information and communication technologies

Slug
information-and-communication-technologies
Identifier
346

Skills upgrading

Slug
skills-upgrading
Identifier
657
Regions: