Youth

Skills shortages and skills gaps in the Cambodian labour market: Evidence from employer skills needs survey

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Skills shortages and skills gaps in the Cambodian labour market: Evidence from employer skills needs survey
													

Language:

Governments hold a wealth of knowledge on skills development, and are increasingly realizing the value of learning from each others’ experiences. Their policy documents, programme evaluations, and research findings contain their experience and ideas on how to better link skills to employment

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governments

ILO

The International Labour Organization is the tripartite U.N. agency that promotes Decent Work through employment, social security, labour standards and social dialogue. Its work on skills development is guided by the conceptual framework on Skills to improve productivity, employment growth, and development agreed in 2008 by representatives of Governments, Employers’ Associations and Workers’ Associations. Research, policy advice, and pilot projects and technical cooperation programmes to apply good practices in different circumstances across its 185 member States aims to boost the employability of workers, the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, and the inclusiveness of economic growth. The ILO Secretariat in offices in 40 countries works with Ministries of Labour, employers’ organizations, and trade unions to integrate skills development into national and sector development strategies in order to better meet current labour market needs and to prepare for the jobs of the future; to expand access to employment-related training so that youth, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are better able to acquire skills and secure productive and decent work; and to improve the ability of public employment services to provide career guidance, maintain labour exchange services, and deliver active labour market programmes.For more information regarding the ILO’s work on skills and employability go to: http://www.ilo.org/skills/lang--en/index.htm; for ILO/Cinterfor's Knowledge Management Plarform, see: http://www.oitcinterfor.org

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skpILO

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ilo

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Sectoral approaches

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Matching skills to labour market demand requires reliable sectoral and occupational information and institutions that connect employers with training providers. Sector based strategies and institutions have proved effective in engaging all stakeholders in promoting both pre-employment training and life-long learning.

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skpSectApr

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sectoral-approaches

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues.

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skpRPS

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research-papers

Statistical information

Data produced by the international organizations and countries on trends in skills provision, demand, and employment outcomes to help inform policy-making and monitoring processes.

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skpStatInfo

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statistical-information

Publication Date:

11 Feb 2015

Open

wcmstest4_131252.pdf

ILO Asia-Pacific working paper series The analysis of employers’ perceptions is a new topic in Cambodia, but one that responds to the precise demands of policy-makers while representing a necessary step in the formulation of a National Employment Policy (NEP) that is responsive to both employers’ and workers’ needs and interests.

This survey was the first to be conducted in Cambodia with the aim of describing and understanding employers’ points of view in support of better-informed design, and implementation of, employment and labour market policies.

The survey drew on more than 500 establishments in six sectors. The sectors included three in manufacturing (food and beverages; garments, apparel, and footwear; and rubber and plastics), two in services (finance and insurance, and accommodation), plus construction. The survey covered such topics as skills gaps, skills shortages, difficulties in recruiting, and hard-to-fill vacancies.

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Gender

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294

Identifier

294

Sectoral approaches

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sectoral-approaches

Identifier

676

Skills mismatch

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skills-mismatch

Identifier

654

Survey

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survey

Identifier

611

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youth

Identifier

319

Regions:

Asia and the Pacific

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Countries and territories:

Cambodia

Overcoming India's skills challenge: Transforming India into a high performance nation

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Overcoming India's skills challenge: Transforming India into a high performance nation
													

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English

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english

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skpEng

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Governments

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skpGov

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governments

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

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skpOSource

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other-sources

Topics:

Training quality and relevance

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skpTrainQR

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training-quality-and-relevance

Youth employability

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Globally, nearly 68 million young women and men are looking for and available for work, and an estimated 123 million young people are working but living in poverty. The number who are not in employment, education or training (NEET) stands at 267 million, a majority of whom are young women. Significantly, young people are three times as likely as adults (25 years and older) to be unemployed.

Skills development is a primary means of enabling young people to make a smooth transition to work. A comprehensive approach is required to integrate young women and men in the labour market, including relevant and quality skills training, labour market information, career guidance and employment services, recognition of prior learning, incorporating entrepreneurship with training and effective skills forecasting. Improved basic education and core work skills are particularly important to enable youth to engage in lifelong learning as well as transition to the labour market.

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skpYoEmp

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youth-employability

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

18 Dec 2014

Open

wcmstest4_128452.pdf

India faces a historic opportunity. The country will be home to 700 million people of working age by 2020, a demographic situation that if leveraged properly can transform the country into the next economic superpower. To contribute significantly to the overall target of developing new skills in 500 million people in India by 2022—mainly by fostering private-sector initiatives in skill development programs—the government created the National Skills Development Council (NSDC) in 2009. Private organizations such as Accenture also came forward and launched a series of initiatives to achieve this national goal.

Together, with the NSDC, Accenture conducted a survey with the aim of understanding the impact of its training investments on trainees and the industrial sector over a three-year time span. Survey results clearly indicate that the injection of private capital into India’s Vocational Education and Training (VET) system is helping overcome traditional challenges of poor and inadequate infrastructure. The private initiatives have also recorded high placement rates for its trainees, with 50 percent of the trainees who complete training receiving job offers within three months of their training. However some significant challenges exist. The ‘expectations-delivery’ mismatch is leading to high numbers of drop outs— trainees quitting jobs within a month of joining, or those not willing to accept offers made to them due to a series of mismatches between trainee expectations and what programs are actually delivering. This paper presents a comprehensive action plan that could help overcome the expectations-delivery mismatch and improve the attractiveness of VET.

Subject Tags:

Employability

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employability

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643

Private sector

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private-sector

Identifier

229

Public private partnerships

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public-private-partnerships

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138

Vocational training

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vocational-training

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124

Youth

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youth

Identifier

319

Regions:

Asia and the Pacific

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Countries and territories:

India

Bibliographie: La formation au service de l’insertion professionnelle des jeunes en Afrique subsaharienne

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Bibliographie: La formation au service de l’insertion professionnelle des jeunes en Afrique subsaharienne
													

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French

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french

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skpFrn

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Other sources

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skpOSource

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other-sources

Topics:

Youth employability

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skpYoEmp

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youth-employability

Knowledge Products:

Other knowledge products

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skpOProduct

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other-knowledge-products

Publication Date:

18 Dec 2014

Open

wcmstest4_128453.pdf

En Afrique subsaharienne, 60% de la population, soit 200 millions de jeunes de 15 à 24 ans, a moins de 25 ans et 11 millions de jeunes entrent chaque année sur le marché de travail. Malgré une croissance économique soutenue depuis des années et des progrès en termes d’éducation et de formation, la question de l’emploi des jeunes et de leur employabilité reste un défi majeur pour les pays.

Les documents sélectionnés offrent un aperçu de cette situation. La première partie de la bibliographie porte sur la situation économique et démographique et sur le marché du travail en Afrique subsaharienne. La deuxième partie sur la formation professionnelle et les dispositifs d’insertion mis en place comprend des études transnationales et nationales. Une sitographie complète l’ensemble.

Subject Tags:

Employability

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employability

Identifier

643

Entrepreneurship

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entrepreneurship

Identifier

182

Youth

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youth

Identifier

319

Regions:

Africa

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Trends in income inequality and its impact on economic growth

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Trends in income inequality and its impact on economic growth

Language:

English

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english

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skpEng

Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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international-organizations

Topics:

Skills policies and strategies

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Skills and employment policies should be viewed together. The full value of one policy set is realized when it supports the objectives of the other. For investments in education and training to yield maximum benefit to workers, enterprises, and economies, countries’ capacities for coordination is critical in three areas: connecting basic education to technical training and then to market entry; ensuring continuous communication between employers and training providers so that training meets the needs and aspirations of workers and enterprises, and integrating skills development policies with industrial, investment, trade, technology, environmental, rural and local development policies.

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skpPolConv

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skills-policies-and-strategies

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

09 Dec 2014

Open

wcmstest4_127649.pdf

OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 163 In most OECD countries, the gap between rich and poor is at its highest level since 30 years. Today, the richest 10 per cent of the population in the OECD area earn 9.5 times the income of the poorest 10 per cent; in the 1980s this ratio stood at 7:1 and has been rising continuously ever since. However, the rise in overall income inequality is not (only) about surging top income shares: often, incomes at the bottom grew much slower during the prosperous years and fell during downturns, putting relative (and in some countries, absolute) income poverty on the radar of policy concerns. This paper explores whether such developments may have an impact on economic performance.

Among the paper’s key findings:
-The gap between rich and poor is now at its highest level in 30 years in most OECD countries.

-This long-term trend increase in income inequality has curbed economic growth significantly.

-While the overall increase in income inequality is also driven by the very rich 1% pulling away, what matters most for growth are families with lower incomes slipping behind.

-This negative effect of inequality on growth is determined not just by the poorest income decile but actually by the bottom 40% of income earners.

-This is because inter alia people from disadvantaged social backgrounds underinvest in their education.

-Tackling inequality through tax and transfer policies does not harm growth, provided these policies are well designed and implemented.

-In particular, redistribution efforts should focus on families with children and youth, as this is where key decisions on human capital investment are made and should promote skills development and learning across people’s lives.

DOI : 10.1787/1815199x

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Human resources development

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human-resources-development

Identifier

118

Policy convergence

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policy-convergence

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674

Youth

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youth

Identifier

319

Regions:

Enhancing EU education policy: Building a framework to help young people of migrant background succeed

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Enhancing EU education policy: Building a framework to help young people of migrant background succeed
													

Language:

English

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english

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skpEng

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Other sources

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skpOSource

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other-sources

Topics:

Research papers

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skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

07 Nov 2014

Open

wcmstest4_124855.pdf

SIRIUS Network Policy Brief Series While many European countries have well-established education systems, socioeconomically disadvantaged communities experience inequality of access and a lower quality of education across the continent. These groups tend to underperform at school, and children with a migrant background are disproportionately represented among the underperformers. In addition, children of a migrant background have a number of critical educational needs that mainstream education policies do not currently meet. In light of these facts, this policy brief outlines the urgent needs of children and youth in Europe and discusses how education systems could adapt in order to respond to these needs. The performance of education policies could be very crucial in determining whether the goals of the European Commission’s Education and Training Strategy (ET2020) are achieved.

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Disadvantaged youth

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disadvantaged-youth

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663

Economic and social development

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economic-and-social-development

Identifier

125

Inclusion

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inclusion

Identifier

665

Youth

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youth

Identifier

319

Regions:

Europe and Central Asia

Region Image

Attractiveness of vocational education and training: Permeability, successful school-to-work transitions and international mobility

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Attractiveness of vocational education and training: Permeability, successful school-to-work transitions and international mobility
													

Language:

English

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english

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skpEng

Sources:

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skpIntOrg

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international-organizations

Other sources

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skpOSource

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other-sources

Topics:

Other knowledge products

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skpOProduct

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other-knowledge-products

Publication Date:

01 Oct 2014

Open

wcmstest4_122453.pdf

Selected bibliography This document covers the topics of international mobility, transfer and transitions in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), and their role in increasing its attractiveness. It features the range of currently available literature on TVET such as articles, books, government reports, UN agency documents, donor community documents, research theses, and other sources published in the last five years. All information included in these reviews was obtained through an extensive search of online journals, conferences, databases and archives.

Published in the context of two events, namely the 2014 BIBB Congress on “Structuring Vocational Education and Training in a More Attractive Way – Facilitating Greater Permeability” held in Berlin (18-19 September 2014), and the UNESCO-UNEVOC Global Forum on “Skills for Work and Life Post-2015” in Bonn (14-16 October 2014), this annotated bibliography aims to showcase worldwide developments in TVET.

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Apprenticeships

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apprenticeships

Identifier

639

Qualification frameworks

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qualification-frameworks

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651

School-to-work transition

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school-to-work-transition

Identifier

652

Talent mobility

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talent-mobility

Identifier

659

TVET systems

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tvet-systems

Identifier

661

Youth

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youth

Identifier

319

Regions:

Global

Five reasons you should consider an apprenticeship

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Five reasons you should consider an apprenticeship

Language:

English

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english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

ILO

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Identifier

skpILO

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ilo

Topics:

Youth employability

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skpYoEmp

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youth-employability

Knowledge Products:

Promotional material

Presentations, discussion papers, meeting reports, promotional materials, videos, fact sheets, brochures and newsletters on skills development for employment.

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skpAIM

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promotional-material

Publication Date:

16 Sep 2014

Open

wcmstest4_119866.htm

Skills blog

If you’re a young person trying to pick a career path, this blog by Michael Axmann, ILO Senior Expert in Skills Development Systems, provides five reasons why an apprenticeship might be right for you.

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Apprenticeships

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apprenticeships

Identifier

639

Youth

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youth

Identifier

319

Regions:

UNESCO-UNEVOC in action: Biennial report 2012-2013

Type:

Document

Content Type:

UNESCO-UNEVOC in action: Biennial report 2012-2013

Language:

English

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english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

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skpIntOrg

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international-organizations

Topics:

Access to training

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Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business.

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skpATSU

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access-to-training

Training quality and relevance

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skpTrainQR

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training-quality-and-relevance

Knowledge Products:

Promotional material

Presentations, discussion papers, meeting reports, promotional materials, videos, fact sheets, brochures and newsletters on skills development for employment.

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Identifier

skpAIM

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promotional-material

Publication Date:

05 Sep 2014

Open

wcmstest4_119483.pdf

This biennial report provides a comprehensive overview of UNESCO-UNEVOC’s activities in technical and vocational education and training in 2012-2013.

As in previous years, UNESCO-UNEVOC undertook a range of activities promoting TVET development in all regions of the world. In response to the Shanghai Consensus, UNESCO-UNEVOC placed emphasis on capacitating the UNEVOC Network and engaging its members to shape the Centre’s work and activities. Network members identified youth and skills, with a specific focus on school-to-work transitions and entrepreneurship, and greening TVET, with a specific focus on teacher training and curriculum development, as crucial themes for all regions and developed a plan of action for the second half of the biennium. This most notably included the organization of a series of regional meetings in San José (Costa Rica), Seoul (Republic of Korea), Abuja (Nigeria), Moscow (Russian Federation) and Beirut (Lebanon) that brought together UNEVOC Centre representatives, and national, regional and international organizations to showcase innovative practices in TVET.

Subject Tags:

Entrepreneurship

Slug

entrepreneurship

Identifier

182

School-to-work transition

Slug

school-to-work-transition

Identifier

652

Skills and training policy

Slug

skills-and-training-policy

Identifier

666

TVET systems

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tvet-systems

Identifier

661

Vocational training

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vocational-training

Identifier

124

Youth

Slug

youth

Identifier

319

Regions:

Global

Green skills for rural youth in South East Asia

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Green skills for rural youth in South East Asia

Language:

English

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english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

Other sources

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skpOSource

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other-sources

Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

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Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions.

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skpAFSN

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anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs

Rural employment

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Eight out of 10 of the world’s working poor who live on US $1.25 per day live in rural areas, where many are caught in vulnerable employment, especially in agriculture.Flourishing rural areas are vital to regional and national development. Yet, rural economies tend to face a wide range of challenges that urban areas are more likely to overcome. These include access to transportation, sanitation and health services, and a consumer base in close proximity to support small and medium enterprise development. Women and men working in rural areas also face difficulties associated with a paucity of economic opportunities, under investment, poor infrastructure and public services, including education, and, in many cases, weak governance and underdeveloped markets.

Education, entrepreneurship, and physical and social infrastructure all play an important role in developing rural regions. Skills are central to improving employability and livelihood opportunities, reducing poverty, enhancing productivity and promoting environmentally sustainable development.

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skpREmpl

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rural-employment

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier

skpTrainQR

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training-quality-and-relevance

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

05 Aug 2014

Open

wcmstest4_117448.pdf

This research report was commissioned for the purpose of investigating the potential for green skills training in four countries: Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam, and to assist Plan International in finding the best strategies that could be used to incorporate green skills into its vocational training programmes. The larger aim of this research is to increase livelihood opportunities for young people affected by climate change, and to provide green skills for a new generation of workers under a growing green economy.

From the research, it is believed that that there are three main areas of green skills development that Plan could focus on: Enabling those in rural areas affected by climate change to learn new skills in agriculture, to preserve their livelihoods; Integrating elements of Youth Economic Empowerment (YEE) programmes into Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) programmes to enable young people in areas affected by climate change to receive training in alternate livelihoods with improved employment prospects; and integrating knowledge from CCA programmes into the common YEE curricula, to ensure that students benefit from basic environmental awareness.

Subject Tags:

Climate change

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climate-change

Identifier

610

Green jobs

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green-jobs

Identifier

623

Green skills

Slug

green-skills

Identifier

645

Rural development

Slug

rural-development

Identifier

152

Rural employment

Slug

rural-employment

Identifier

670

Skills and training policy

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skills-and-training-policy

Identifier

666

Skills anticipation

Slug

skills-anticipation

Identifier

677

Vocational training

Slug

vocational-training

Identifier

124

Youth

Slug

youth

Identifier

319

Regions:

Asia and the Pacific

Region Image

Countries and territories:

Indonesia

Myanmar

Thailand

Viet Nam

International Congress on Vocational and Professional Education and Training

Kind:

Event

Start Date:

15 Sep 2014

End Date:

18 Jun 2026

Event Location:

Winterthur, Switzerland

EventType:

Language:

English

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english

Identifier

skpEng

Language Version:

Sources:

Other sources

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Identifier

skpOSource

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other-sources

Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

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Identifier

skpAFSN

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anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs

Youth employability

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Identifier

skpYoEmp

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youth-employability

Knowledge Products:

Promotional material

Presentations, discussion papers, meeting reports, promotional materials, videos, fact sheets, brochures and newsletters on skills development for employment.

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Identifier

skpAIM

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promotional-material

First international congress devoted exclusively to dual-track vocational education and training. Keynote address by ILO Director-General, Guy Ryder.

In 2014, the Confederation will launch the first international congress devoted exclusively to dual-track vocational education and training. The main focus will be on image building, bilateral exchanges between the private sector and policymakers, and the presentation of best practices in host companies and vocational education and training schools.

With the International Congress on Vocational and Professional Education and Training in Winterthur, the three main partners within the vocational education and training sector – the Confederation, the cantons and professional organisations – help to position the Swiss dual-track vocational education and training sector in an all-encompassing manner. At the same time, the event will enable technical discussion between key national and international vocational education and training actors, with the aim being to create better general conditions for the development of international cooperation in the area of dual-track vocational education and training.

Prominent speakers from both Switzerland and abroad will take part in this congress, including top political, economic, scientific figures responsible for decision-making on vocational education and training matters.

International Congress on Vocational and Professional Education and Training

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