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Skills recognition

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skills-recognition
Identifier
656

From Pakistan to the Gulf region: An analysis of links between labour markets, skills and the migration cycle

From Pakistan to the Gulf region: An analysis of links between labour markets, skills and the migration cycle

Type:
Document
Content Type:
From Pakistan to the Gulf region: An analysis of links between labour markets, skills and the migration cycle
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Bilateral organizations

The development agencies of many countries make skills development a pillar of their Official Development Assistance – from the perspective of education systems, employment promotion, poverty reduction, and private sector development. Documentation of their experience, evaluations and impact assessments, mission statements, and other knowledge products are made available through the Global KSP.

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Identifier
skpBiOrg
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bilateral-organizations

ILO

The International Labour Organization is the tripartite U.N. agency that promotes Decent Work through employment, social security, labour standards and social dialogue. Its work on skills development is guided by the conceptual framework on Skills to improve productivity, employment growth, and development agreed in 2008 by representatives of Governments, Employers’ Associations and Workers’ Associations. Research, policy advice, and pilot projects and technical cooperation programmes to apply good practices in different circumstances across its 185 member States aims to boost the employability of workers, the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, and the inclusiveness of economic growth. The ILO Secretariat in offices in 40 countries works with Ministries of Labour, employers’ organizations, and trade unions to integrate skills development into national and sector development strategies in order to better meet current labour market needs and to prepare for the jobs of the future; to expand access to employment-related training so that youth, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are better able to acquire skills and secure productive and decent work; and to improve the ability of public employment services to provide career guidance, maintain labour exchange services, and deliver active labour market programmes.For more information regarding the ILO’s work on skills and employability go to: http://www.ilo.org/skills/lang--en/index.htm; for ILO/Cinterfor's Knowledge Management Plarform, see: http://www.oitcinterfor.org

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Identifier
skpILO
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ilo
Topics:

Migrant workers

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According to the ILO global estimates on migrant workers, there were around 164 million migrant workers in 2017. 

Migrant workers contribute to growth and development in their countries of destination, while countries of origin greatly benefit from their remittances and the skills acquired during their migration experience. Yet, many migrant workers face challenges in accessing quality training and decent jobs including under-utilization of skills, a lack of employment or training opportunities, lack of information, and exploitation of low-skilled workers.

To address these challenges, countries need to strengthen skills anticipation systems to inform migration policies, increase access to education and training, and establish bilateral or multilateral recognition of qualifications and skills.

Identifier
skpMigWor
Slug
migrant-workers
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
20 Oct 2016
Open
wcmstest4_183892.pdf
Despite the substantial benefits generated by the migration flow between Pakistan and the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, many challenges remain to ensure a fairer distribution of the triple-win profits. Much has been written on the abuses of migrant workers during recruitment and employment throughout the migration cycle, but less is known about labour demand, its relationship to skills and the impact of the recruitment process on these aspects.

Lack of information regarding qualifications, skills, wages and how demand will evolve inhibits informed decision-making by public and private institutions as well as by migrant workers. This results in lost opportunities or mistakes in strategy planning in and between source and recipient countries. For instance, there is no system of mutual recognition of educational attainment and acquired skills based on comparable standards for low-skilled or semi-skilled occupations. This report addresses some of these issues, with a special focus on the role of skills in Pakistan, including skills training, certification, skills matching and recruitment practices.
Subject Tags:

Migrant workers

Slug
migrant-workers
Identifier
681

Migration policy

Slug
migration-policy
Identifier
309

Skills mismatch

Slug
skills-mismatch
Identifier
654

Skills recognition

Slug
skills-recognition
Identifier
656
Regions:
Countries and territories:

Understanding the potential impact of skills recognition systems on labour markets: Research report

Understanding the potential impact of skills recognition systems on labour markets: Research report

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Understanding the potential impact of skills recognition systems on labour markets: Research report
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

ILO

The International Labour Organization is the tripartite U.N. agency that promotes Decent Work through employment, social security, labour standards and social dialogue. Its work on skills development is guided by the conceptual framework on Skills to improve productivity, employment growth, and development agreed in 2008 by representatives of Governments, Employers’ Associations and Workers’ Associations. Research, policy advice, and pilot projects and technical cooperation programmes to apply good practices in different circumstances across its 185 member States aims to boost the employability of workers, the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, and the inclusiveness of economic growth. The ILO Secretariat in offices in 40 countries works with Ministries of Labour, employers’ organizations, and trade unions to integrate skills development into national and sector development strategies in order to better meet current labour market needs and to prepare for the jobs of the future; to expand access to employment-related training so that youth, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are better able to acquire skills and secure productive and decent work; and to improve the ability of public employment services to provide career guidance, maintain labour exchange services, and deliver active labour market programmes.For more information regarding the ILO’s work on skills and employability go to: http://www.ilo.org/skills/lang--en/index.htm; for ILO/Cinterfor's Knowledge Management Plarform, see: http://www.oitcinterfor.org

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Identifier
skpILO
Slug
ilo
Topics:

Lifelong learning

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There is a critical need for a greater overall investment in education and training, particularly in developing countries. Education and training investments should be closely linked to economic and employment growth strategies and programmes. Responsibility should be shared between the government (primary responsibility), enterprises, the social partners, and the individual. To make lifelong learning for all a reality, countries will need to make major reforms of their vocational and education and training systems. School-to-work schemes for young people should integrate education with workplace learning. Training systems need to become more flexible and responsive to rapidly changing skill requirements. Reforms should also focus on how learning can be facilitated, not just on training for specific occupational categories.

Identifier
skpPSLLL
Slug
lifelong-learning

Other topic

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Identifier
skpOIssue
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other-topic
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
18 Oct 2016
Open
wcmstest4_183285.pdf
Provides analytical research on the labour market impact of skills recognition systems, in particular, in matching skills and jobs. Formal education and training systems are not the only ways in which people develop skills. In many cases, this happens through informal or non-formal learning or people acquire them outside the country in which they work. Employers may not easily recognize skills attained this way, and individuals possessing such uncertified skills are at a disadvantage while finding a job, progressing in their careers or securing a wage increase. The fact that these skills are invisible magnifies the challenge of skills under-utilization and mismatch, and contributes to higher unemployment, poverty and inequality.

The task of skills recognition systems is to make such uncertified skills visible. This research focuses on analysing whether skills recognition improves skills utilization, reduces skills mismatch and alleviates unemployment, poverty and inequality.

The development of skills recognition systems gives rise to a number of challenges that may have a negative impact on effectiveness and a return on investment in these systems. The research brings numerous examples on how can these challenges be addressed in the design, implementation or upgrading of skills recognition systems.
Subject Tags:

Skills and training policy

Slug
skills-and-training-policy
Identifier
666

Skills mismatch

Slug
skills-mismatch
Identifier
654

Skills recognition

Slug
skills-recognition
Identifier
656
Regions:

Regional model competency standards: Agriculture and aquaculture

Regional model competency standards: Agriculture and aquaculture

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Regional model competency standards: Agriculture and aquaculture
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

ILO

The International Labour Organization is the tripartite U.N. agency that promotes Decent Work through employment, social security, labour standards and social dialogue. Its work on skills development is guided by the conceptual framework on Skills to improve productivity, employment growth, and development agreed in 2008 by representatives of Governments, Employers’ Associations and Workers’ Associations. Research, policy advice, and pilot projects and technical cooperation programmes to apply good practices in different circumstances across its 185 member States aims to boost the employability of workers, the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, and the inclusiveness of economic growth. The ILO Secretariat in offices in 40 countries works with Ministries of Labour, employers’ organizations, and trade unions to integrate skills development into national and sector development strategies in order to better meet current labour market needs and to prepare for the jobs of the future; to expand access to employment-related training so that youth, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are better able to acquire skills and secure productive and decent work; and to improve the ability of public employment services to provide career guidance, maintain labour exchange services, and deliver active labour market programmes.For more information regarding the ILO’s work on skills and employability go to: http://www.ilo.org/skills/lang--en/index.htm; for ILO/Cinterfor's Knowledge Management Plarform, see: http://www.oitcinterfor.org

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Identifier
skpILO
Slug
ilo
Topics:

Rural employment

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Eight out of 10 of the world’s working poor who live on US $1.25 per day live in rural areas, where many are caught in vulnerable employment, especially in agriculture.Flourishing rural areas are vital to regional and national development. Yet, rural economies tend to face a wide range of challenges that urban areas are more likely to overcome. These include access to transportation, sanitation and health services, and a consumer base in close proximity to support small and medium enterprise development. Women and men working in rural areas also face difficulties associated with a paucity of economic opportunities, under investment, poor infrastructure and public services, including education, and, in many cases, weak governance and underdeveloped markets.

Education, entrepreneurship, and physical and social infrastructure all play an important role in developing rural regions. Skills are central to improving employability and livelihood opportunities, reducing poverty, enhancing productivity and promoting environmentally sustainable development.

Identifier
skpREmpl
Slug
rural-employment

Sectoral approaches

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Matching skills to labour market demand requires reliable sectoral and occupational information and institutions that connect employers with training providers.  Sector based strategies and institutions have proved effective in engaging all stakeholders in promoting both pre-employment training and life-long learning.

Identifier
skpSectApr
Slug
sectoral-approaches
Knowledge Products:

Other knowledge products

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Identifier
skpOProduct
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other-knowledge-products

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
13 Sep 2016
Open
wcmstest4_181681.pdf
National competency standards play an important and increasing role in skills development and recognition in Asia and the Pacific, as they do in many other parts of the world. They are a guide to the range of skills and knowledge required for a whole industry. Competency standards can be flexibly combined into jobs and occupations. They are the common basis for training programmes, skills assessment, and certification in many countries.

Competency standards, when recognized nationally or across a cluster of nations, can form a key component in assisting the mobility of skilled workers. As part of a quality assured system, the assessment of a person’s skills against accepted benchmarks means that those skills can be applied in similar work, and potential employers can feel confident in the level of competency that a worker claims to have. Workers returning from employment in other countries can have the skills they gained working there formally recognized at home. The Regional Model Competency Standards for agriculture and aquaculture constitute a set of benchmarks that define the skills, knowledge and attributes required to perform a work role in the field of agriculture and aquaculture.
Subject Tags:

Agribusiness

Slug
agribusiness
Identifier
223

Agriculture

Slug
agriculture
Identifier
225

Competency based training

Slug
competency-based-training
Identifier
671

Competency standards

Slug
competency-standards
Identifier
642

Skills and training policy

Slug
skills-and-training-policy
Identifier
666

Skills recognition

Slug
skills-recognition
Identifier
656
Regions:

Skills for the international labour market: Bangladesh country report

Skills for the international labour market: Bangladesh country report

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Skills for the international labour market: Bangladesh country report
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Bilateral organizations

The development agencies of many countries make skills development a pillar of their Official Development Assistance – from the perspective of education systems, employment promotion, poverty reduction, and private sector development. Documentation of their experience, evaluations and impact assessments, mission statements, and other knowledge products are made available through the Global KSP.

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Identifier
skpBiOrg
Slug
bilateral-organizations

Governments

Governments hold a wealth of knowledge on skills development, and are increasingly realizing the value of learning from each others’ experiences. Their policy documents, programme evaluations, and research findings contain their experience and ideas on how to better link skills to employment

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Identifier
skpGov
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governments

ILO

The International Labour Organization is the tripartite U.N. agency that promotes Decent Work through employment, social security, labour standards and social dialogue. Its work on skills development is guided by the conceptual framework on Skills to improve productivity, employment growth, and development agreed in 2008 by representatives of Governments, Employers’ Associations and Workers’ Associations. Research, policy advice, and pilot projects and technical cooperation programmes to apply good practices in different circumstances across its 185 member States aims to boost the employability of workers, the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, and the inclusiveness of economic growth. The ILO Secretariat in offices in 40 countries works with Ministries of Labour, employers’ organizations, and trade unions to integrate skills development into national and sector development strategies in order to better meet current labour market needs and to prepare for the jobs of the future; to expand access to employment-related training so that youth, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are better able to acquire skills and secure productive and decent work; and to improve the ability of public employment services to provide career guidance, maintain labour exchange services, and deliver active labour market programmes.For more information regarding the ILO’s work on skills and employability go to: http://www.ilo.org/skills/lang--en/index.htm; for ILO/Cinterfor's Knowledge Management Plarform, see: http://www.oitcinterfor.org

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Identifier
skpILO
Slug
ilo
Topics:

Migrant workers

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According to the ILO global estimates on migrant workers, there were around 164 million migrant workers in 2017. 

Migrant workers contribute to growth and development in their countries of destination, while countries of origin greatly benefit from their remittances and the skills acquired during their migration experience. Yet, many migrant workers face challenges in accessing quality training and decent jobs including under-utilization of skills, a lack of employment or training opportunities, lack of information, and exploitation of low-skilled workers.

To address these challenges, countries need to strengthen skills anticipation systems to inform migration policies, increase access to education and training, and establish bilateral or multilateral recognition of qualifications and skills.

Identifier
skpMigWor
Slug
migrant-workers
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
22 Jul 2016
Open
wcmstest4_179459.pdf
Part of a multi-country labour market trend analysis for migrant workers from South Asia to the member states of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf Labour migration and remittances generated by migrant workers have contributed significantly to the Bangladesh economy for several years. A total of 6.4 million male and female workers with various skills are currently working overseas. The primary destination countries are Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Qatar, Oman, Kuwait, Singapore, Malaysia, Republic of Korea, among others. This report focuses on labour migration trends from Bangladesh to the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and Malaysia. The study presents current challenges in terms of matching skill demand and supply and recommends measures to be adopted to improve relevance and quality of training services for Bangladeshi workers who would like to migrate for employment.
Subject Tags:

Labour migration

Slug
labour-migration
Identifier
609

Migrant workers

Slug
migrant-workers
Identifier
681

Skills anticipation

Slug
skills-anticipation
Identifier
677

Skills mismatch

Slug
skills-mismatch
Identifier
654

Skills recognition

Slug
skills-recognition
Identifier
656
Regions:
Countries and territories:

Bangladesh

Bangladesh has a strong track record of growth and development, even in times of elevated global uncertainty.  A robust demographic dividend, strong ready-made garment exports, resilient remittance inflows, and stable macroeconomic conditions have supported rapid economic growth over the past two decades. A strong recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic continued in FY22, although a recent surge in commodity prices has presented new headwinds. 

Bangladesh reached lower-middle income status in 2015. It is on track to graduate from the UN’s Least Developed Countries list in 2026. Poverty declined from 43.5 percent in 1991 to 14.3 percent in 2016, based on the international poverty line of $1.90 a day (1).  

Like many of its Asian neighbours, Bangladesh faces a major challenge trying to develop modern, employability skills for tens of millions of young women and men. It has a large informal sector, which accounts for 94.7 percent of the total employment in 2017 (2). Youth continue to be highly affected by the lack of opportunities, with the share of youth aged 15-24 not in employment, education or training (NEET), estimated at 27.8 percent in 2020 (3). 

TVET has a huge role to play in equipping the vast young labour force of 15-29 years referred to as the country’s “demographic dividend” with employability skills and providing enhanced support services to ensure a better transition from school to work. TVET may also contribute to reducing poverty by providing employability skills, particularly to those who drop out of school early and to a large number of unemployed and underemployed adults.  

Despite many reform initiatives by the government, the TVET sector needs further strengthening through reform of policies and systems in the labour market.  Enhancing industry-relevance of TVET qualifications will furthermore require closer Government cooperation with the private sector. For one and a half decade, the ILO has worked closely with the Government of Bangladesh and its Social Partners to reform the TVET sector and to improve access for people to increase their skills and employability, in particular youth, women and people from other marginalized groups. 

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic had detrimental effects on the TVET sector, due to the nation-wide closure of all educational institutes for one and a half years, starting on 17 March 2020.  Most students’ learning was effectively abolished for this duration, and learning and certification was only possible through limited online learning facilities in existence at the time. Only recently has the TVET returned to its prior activity level. 

The ILO landmark programmes aim to strengthen and improve the environment for industry skills development, address the mismatch between the supply and demand for skills training, and drive the increased employability of millions of young women and men. ILO’s support to develop the skills system in Bangladesh has focused on skills system governance, development of skills policies and qualifications frameworks; delivery of quality skills training, expanding access to TVET, and involvement by the private sector.    

 

Sources 

(1) https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bangladesh/overview

(2) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/informality/

(3) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/youth/

Country Assessment and Priority (CAP) – Bangladesh strategy for skills and lifelong learning (2022)

Situation Analysis of Bangladesh TVET Sector (2019) https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—asia/—ro-bangkok/—ilo-dhaka/documents/publication/wcms_735704.pdf_

Methodologies for assessing green jobs

Methodologies for assessing green jobs

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Methodologies for assessing green jobs
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

ILO

The International Labour Organization is the tripartite U.N. agency that promotes Decent Work through employment, social security, labour standards and social dialogue. Its work on skills development is guided by the conceptual framework on Skills to improve productivity, employment growth, and development agreed in 2008 by representatives of Governments, Employers’ Associations and Workers’ Associations. Research, policy advice, and pilot projects and technical cooperation programmes to apply good practices in different circumstances across its 185 member States aims to boost the employability of workers, the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, and the inclusiveness of economic growth. The ILO Secretariat in offices in 40 countries works with Ministries of Labour, employers’ organizations, and trade unions to integrate skills development into national and sector development strategies in order to better meet current labour market needs and to prepare for the jobs of the future; to expand access to employment-related training so that youth, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are better able to acquire skills and secure productive and decent work; and to improve the ability of public employment services to provide career guidance, maintain labour exchange services, and deliver active labour market programmes.For more information regarding the ILO’s work on skills and employability go to: http://www.ilo.org/skills/lang--en/index.htm; for ILO/Cinterfor's Knowledge Management Plarform, see: http://www.oitcinterfor.org

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Identifier
skpILO
Slug
ilo
Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

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Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions. 

Identifier
skpAFSN
Slug
anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs
Knowledge Products:

Policy and strategy

Recommendations and advice on resolving policy challenges related to skills development systems and their linkages to the world of work.  Concise syntheses of experience from the international organizations.

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Identifier
skpPolOp
Slug
policy-and-strategy
Publication Date:
16 May 2016
Open
wcmstest4_174858.pdf
This policy brief sets out different methodologies available to assess the employment potential that green policies can offer. The purpose of the brief is to guide focused policy decision-making.
Subject Tags:

Green jobs

Slug
green-jobs
Identifier
623

Skills anticipation

Slug
skills-anticipation
Identifier
677

Skills recognition

Slug
skills-recognition
Identifier
656
Regions:

Project - Bangladesh skills for employment and productivity (B-SEP)

Project - Bangladesh skills for employment and productivity (B-SEP)

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Project - Bangladesh skills for employment and productivity (B-SEP)
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

ILO

The International Labour Organization is the tripartite U.N. agency that promotes Decent Work through employment, social security, labour standards and social dialogue. Its work on skills development is guided by the conceptual framework on Skills to improve productivity, employment growth, and development agreed in 2008 by representatives of Governments, Employers’ Associations and Workers’ Associations. Research, policy advice, and pilot projects and technical cooperation programmes to apply good practices in different circumstances across its 185 member States aims to boost the employability of workers, the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, and the inclusiveness of economic growth. The ILO Secretariat in offices in 40 countries works with Ministries of Labour, employers’ organizations, and trade unions to integrate skills development into national and sector development strategies in order to better meet current labour market needs and to prepare for the jobs of the future; to expand access to employment-related training so that youth, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are better able to acquire skills and secure productive and decent work; and to improve the ability of public employment services to provide career guidance, maintain labour exchange services, and deliver active labour market programmes.For more information regarding the ILO’s work on skills and employability go to: http://www.ilo.org/skills/lang--en/index.htm; for ILO/Cinterfor's Knowledge Management Plarform, see: http://www.oitcinterfor.org

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Identifier
skpILO
Slug
ilo
Topics:

Access to training

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Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.  

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business. 
 

Identifier
skpATSU
Slug
access-to-training

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier
skpTrainQR
Slug
training-quality-and-relevance
Knowledge Products:

Promotional material

Presentations, discussion papers, meeting reports, promotional materials, videos, fact sheets, brochures and newsletters on skills development for employment.

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Identifier
skpAIM
Slug
promotional-material
Publication Date:
08 Apr 2016
Open
wcmstest4_171256.htm
Project dates: 2013 - 2018. Project work in Bangladesh focuses on institutional capacity development; standard, training, assessment and certification; Industry skills development; and equitable access to skills. The Bangladesh Skills for Employment and Productivity (B-SEP) Project is an initiative of the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) funded by the Government of Canada and executed by the International Labor Organization with support from the GoB. The project aims to accelerate the current efforts being undertaken by other organizations, donors and government to make skills in Bangladesh nationally recognized, accessible to all, higher quality and directly linked to jobs. To learn more about this project click on the link below.
Subject Tags:

Inclusion

Slug
inclusion
Identifier
665

Skills and training policy

Slug
skills-and-training-policy
Identifier
666

Skills recognition

Slug
skills-recognition
Identifier
656
Regions:
Countries and territories:

Bangladesh

Bangladesh has a strong track record of growth and development, even in times of elevated global uncertainty.  A robust demographic dividend, strong ready-made garment exports, resilient remittance inflows, and stable macroeconomic conditions have supported rapid economic growth over the past two decades. A strong recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic continued in FY22, although a recent surge in commodity prices has presented new headwinds. 

Bangladesh reached lower-middle income status in 2015. It is on track to graduate from the UN’s Least Developed Countries list in 2026. Poverty declined from 43.5 percent in 1991 to 14.3 percent in 2016, based on the international poverty line of $1.90 a day (1).  

Like many of its Asian neighbours, Bangladesh faces a major challenge trying to develop modern, employability skills for tens of millions of young women and men. It has a large informal sector, which accounts for 94.7 percent of the total employment in 2017 (2). Youth continue to be highly affected by the lack of opportunities, with the share of youth aged 15-24 not in employment, education or training (NEET), estimated at 27.8 percent in 2020 (3). 

TVET has a huge role to play in equipping the vast young labour force of 15-29 years referred to as the country’s “demographic dividend” with employability skills and providing enhanced support services to ensure a better transition from school to work. TVET may also contribute to reducing poverty by providing employability skills, particularly to those who drop out of school early and to a large number of unemployed and underemployed adults.  

Despite many reform initiatives by the government, the TVET sector needs further strengthening through reform of policies and systems in the labour market.  Enhancing industry-relevance of TVET qualifications will furthermore require closer Government cooperation with the private sector. For one and a half decade, the ILO has worked closely with the Government of Bangladesh and its Social Partners to reform the TVET sector and to improve access for people to increase their skills and employability, in particular youth, women and people from other marginalized groups. 

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic had detrimental effects on the TVET sector, due to the nation-wide closure of all educational institutes for one and a half years, starting on 17 March 2020.  Most students’ learning was effectively abolished for this duration, and learning and certification was only possible through limited online learning facilities in existence at the time. Only recently has the TVET returned to its prior activity level. 

The ILO landmark programmes aim to strengthen and improve the environment for industry skills development, address the mismatch between the supply and demand for skills training, and drive the increased employability of millions of young women and men. ILO’s support to develop the skills system in Bangladesh has focused on skills system governance, development of skills policies and qualifications frameworks; delivery of quality skills training, expanding access to TVET, and involvement by the private sector.    

 

Sources 

(1) https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bangladesh/overview

(2) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/informality/

(3) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/youth/

Country Assessment and Priority (CAP) – Bangladesh strategy for skills and lifelong learning (2022)

Situation Analysis of Bangladesh TVET Sector (2019) https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—asia/—ro-bangkok/—ilo-dhaka/documents/publication/wcms_735704.pdf_

Meeting the skills gap: Lessons from the private sector

Meeting the skills gap: Lessons from the private sector

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Meeting the skills gap: Lessons from the private sector
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Employers' organizations

Employers invest in training in order to improve productivity, innovate and adopt new technologies, and compete in changing markets. Case studies and research from individual employers and associations of employers on the Global KSP deal with apprenticeship and workplace skills provision, quality assurance and governance of training institutions, and employers’ roles in anticipating skill needs and in influencing national and sector policies on skills development.

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Identifier
skpEmp
Slug
employers-organizations

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

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Identifier
skpOSource
Slug
other-sources
Topics:

Access to training

Thumbnail

Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.  

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business. 
 

Identifier
skpATSU
Slug
access-to-training

Training quality and relevance

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpTrainQR
Slug
training-quality-and-relevance
Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice. 

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skpCaseStdy
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case-studies-and-good-practices
Publication Date:
07 Apr 2016
Open
wcmstest4_171057.pdf
The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) and the International Finance Corporation (IFC) have identified skills mismatches as one of the major constraints for the private sector to create more and better jobs. These are some of the numbers underpinning this reasoning: with over 45 million job seekers entering the labor force every year, their chances of finding a job will depend on acquiring the right skills. By 2020, it is estimated that there will be a global surplus of 90 to 95 million low-skilled workers and a global shortage of 83 to 85 million high and mid-skilled workers.

To address this key challenge, some large companies operating in emerging markets have taken proactive steps and initiated training programs that empower not only their workforce, but also their suppliers, retailers, and the surrounding communities. This booklet presents these business solutions: five programs initiated and currently scaled up by ITC, SABMiller, and Vale, three WBCSD member companies with a significant presence in emerging markets. The case studies depicted below demonstrate that companies, in collaboration with the public sector and educational institutions, can play a significant role toward successfully increasing the skills and employability of thousands of people.
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Employability

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employability
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643

Employers

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employers
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672

Enterprises

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enterprises
Identifier
175

Entrepreneurship

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entrepreneurship
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182

Job matching

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job-matching
Identifier
649

Private sector

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private-sector
Identifier
229

Skills mismatch

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skills-mismatch
Identifier
654

Skills recognition

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skills-recognition
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656
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Matching skills and jobs in the European Union

Matching skills and jobs in the European Union

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Matching skills and jobs in the European Union
Language:

English

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english
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skpEng
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Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

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skpOSource
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other-sources
Topics:

Access to training

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Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.  

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business. 
 

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skpATSU
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access-to-training

Lifelong learning

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There is a critical need for a greater overall investment in education and training, particularly in developing countries. Education and training investments should be closely linked to economic and employment growth strategies and programmes. Responsibility should be shared between the government (primary responsibility), enterprises, the social partners, and the individual. To make lifelong learning for all a reality, countries will need to make major reforms of their vocational and education and training systems. School-to-work schemes for young people should integrate education with workplace learning. Training systems need to become more flexible and responsive to rapidly changing skill requirements. Reforms should also focus on how learning can be facilitated, not just on training for specific occupational categories.

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skpPSLLL
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lifelong-learning
Knowledge Products:

Promotional material

Presentations, discussion papers, meeting reports, promotional materials, videos, fact sheets, brochures and newsletters on skills development for employment.

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skpAIM
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promotional-material
Publication Date:
30 Mar 2016
Open
wcmstest4_169661.pdf
Skills mismatch is not only a problem encountered by jobseekers; it also affects employees working in positions below their levels of qualification or outside their fields of study, and concerns some groups of older workers that face difficulties in keeping their skills up to date.

According to studies, various solutions include adapting education and training more closely to labour market needs; providing flexible arrangements and appropriate facilities at the workplace; and enhancing labour mobility and lifelong learning. This document explains how the European Union is dealing with this issue.
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Lifelong learning

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lifelong-learning
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400

Skills and training policy

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skills-and-training-policy
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666

Skills mismatch

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skills-mismatch
Identifier
654

Skills re-training

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skills-re-training
Identifier
655

Skills recognition

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skills-recognition
Identifier
656
Regions:

Education, training and skills: Women migrant workers in ASEAN

Education, training and skills: Women migrant workers in ASEAN

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Education, training and skills: Women migrant workers in ASEAN
Language:

English

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english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

ILO

The International Labour Organization is the tripartite U.N. agency that promotes Decent Work through employment, social security, labour standards and social dialogue. Its work on skills development is guided by the conceptual framework on Skills to improve productivity, employment growth, and development agreed in 2008 by representatives of Governments, Employers’ Associations and Workers’ Associations. Research, policy advice, and pilot projects and technical cooperation programmes to apply good practices in different circumstances across its 185 member States aims to boost the employability of workers, the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, and the inclusiveness of economic growth. The ILO Secretariat in offices in 40 countries works with Ministries of Labour, employers’ organizations, and trade unions to integrate skills development into national and sector development strategies in order to better meet current labour market needs and to prepare for the jobs of the future; to expand access to employment-related training so that youth, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are better able to acquire skills and secure productive and decent work; and to improve the ability of public employment services to provide career guidance, maintain labour exchange services, and deliver active labour market programmes.For more information regarding the ILO’s work on skills and employability go to: http://www.ilo.org/skills/lang--en/index.htm; for ILO/Cinterfor's Knowledge Management Plarform, see: http://www.oitcinterfor.org

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skpILO
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ilo
Topics:

Migrant workers

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According to the ILO global estimates on migrant workers, there were around 164 million migrant workers in 2017. 

Migrant workers contribute to growth and development in their countries of destination, while countries of origin greatly benefit from their remittances and the skills acquired during their migration experience. Yet, many migrant workers face challenges in accessing quality training and decent jobs including under-utilization of skills, a lack of employment or training opportunities, lack of information, and exploitation of low-skilled workers.

To address these challenges, countries need to strengthen skills anticipation systems to inform migration policies, increase access to education and training, and establish bilateral or multilateral recognition of qualifications and skills.

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skpMigWor
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migrant-workers

Other topic

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skpOIssue
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other-topic
Knowledge Products:

Policy and strategy

Recommendations and advice on resolving policy challenges related to skills development systems and their linkages to the world of work.  Concise syntheses of experience from the international organizations.

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skpPolOp
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policy-and-strategy
Publication Date:
30 Mar 2016
Open
wcmstest4_169656.pdf
This Policy Brief considers skills supply and demand in ASEAN in relation to women migrant workers, making recommendations to policy-makers, development partners, social partners and civil society that can improve access for women to skills development opportunities and better jobs. With ASEAN economic integration planning to introduce freer movement of skilled labour, there is a need to standardize and recognize qualifications and skills across the region to ensure efficient and mutually beneficial labour migration.
Subject Tags:

Labour migration

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labour-migration
Identifier
609

Migrant workers

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migrant-workers
Identifier
681

Migration policy

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migration-policy
Identifier
309

Skills re-training

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skills-re-training
Identifier
655

Skills recognition

Slug
skills-recognition
Identifier
656

Talent mobility

Slug
talent-mobility
Identifier
659

Women

Slug
women
Identifier
318
Regions:

Managing labour mobility: Opportunities and challenges for employers in the ASEAN region

Managing labour mobility: Opportunities and challenges for employers in the ASEAN region

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Managing labour mobility: Opportunities and challenges for employers in the ASEAN region
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

ILO

The International Labour Organization is the tripartite U.N. agency that promotes Decent Work through employment, social security, labour standards and social dialogue. Its work on skills development is guided by the conceptual framework on Skills to improve productivity, employment growth, and development agreed in 2008 by representatives of Governments, Employers’ Associations and Workers’ Associations. Research, policy advice, and pilot projects and technical cooperation programmes to apply good practices in different circumstances across its 185 member States aims to boost the employability of workers, the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, and the inclusiveness of economic growth. The ILO Secretariat in offices in 40 countries works with Ministries of Labour, employers’ organizations, and trade unions to integrate skills development into national and sector development strategies in order to better meet current labour market needs and to prepare for the jobs of the future; to expand access to employment-related training so that youth, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are better able to acquire skills and secure productive and decent work; and to improve the ability of public employment services to provide career guidance, maintain labour exchange services, and deliver active labour market programmes.For more information regarding the ILO’s work on skills and employability go to: http://www.ilo.org/skills/lang--en/index.htm; for ILO/Cinterfor's Knowledge Management Plarform, see: http://www.oitcinterfor.org

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Identifier
skpILO
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ilo
Topics:

Migrant workers

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According to the ILO global estimates on migrant workers, there were around 164 million migrant workers in 2017. 

Migrant workers contribute to growth and development in their countries of destination, while countries of origin greatly benefit from their remittances and the skills acquired during their migration experience. Yet, many migrant workers face challenges in accessing quality training and decent jobs including under-utilization of skills, a lack of employment or training opportunities, lack of information, and exploitation of low-skilled workers.

To address these challenges, countries need to strengthen skills anticipation systems to inform migration policies, increase access to education and training, and establish bilateral or multilateral recognition of qualifications and skills.

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skpMigWor
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migrant-workers
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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skpRPS
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research-papers
Publication Date:
30 Mar 2016
Open
wcmstest4_169655.pdf
This publication series documents and consolidates the outputs of the regional meetings to better inform employers’ activities, and summarizes the position of employers on the priority issues on labour migration in the ASEAN region. It gives the context of these priority areas as well as the policy position papers agreed upon as a result of the regional workshops. Chapter two focuses on skills matching and mobility, discussing mutual recognition arrangements in ASEAN and other issues related to skills development from the employers' perspectives.
Subject Tags:

Labour migration

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labour-migration
Identifier
609

Migrant workers

Slug
migrant-workers
Identifier
681

Migration policy

Slug
migration-policy
Identifier
309

Private sector

Slug
private-sector
Identifier
229

Skills mismatch

Slug
skills-mismatch
Identifier
654

Skills re-training

Slug
skills-re-training
Identifier
655

Skills recognition

Slug
skills-recognition
Identifier
656

Talent mobility

Slug
talent-mobility
Identifier
659

Vocational training

Slug
vocational-training
Identifier
124
Regions:
Subscribe to Skills recognition