Apprenticeships

Gambia skills qualification framework policy document

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Gambia skills qualification framework policy document

Language:

Governments hold a wealth of knowledge on skills development, and are increasingly realizing the value of learning from each others’ experiences. Their policy documents, programme evaluations, and research findings contain their experience and ideas on how to better link skills to employment

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skpGov

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governments

Topics:

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier

skpTrainQR

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training-quality-and-relevance

Knowledge Products:

National policies and initiatives

National legislation, policies and initiatives on the issue of training and skills development and the world of work.

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Identifier

skpNatPol

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national-policies-and-initiatives

Publication Date:

07 Jan 2013

Open

fm11g_011814.pdf

This paper sets out national policy for the development of a system of national skills standards and qualifications for The Gambia, collectively known as the Gambia Skills Qualifications Framework (GSQF). The GSQF is not a ‘full’ framework including both academic and vocational learning. It is a partial qualification framework, concerned with technical, vocational and literacy skills. The GSQF is designed so that it may be extended into a full qualification framework with a minimum of adaptations. It is, however, an integrated framework in the sense that it includes formal and informal learning of skills, post-school college or centre based and on-the-job learning, full-time and part-time learning. The GSQF includes provision for illiterate learners, apprentices (both formal and informal) with weak or even no formal education, adults as well as new entrants to the workforce.

Subject Tags:

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apprenticeships

Identifier

639

Entrepreneurship

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entrepreneurship

Identifier

182

Informal economy

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informal-economy

Identifier

187

Poverty

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poverty

Identifier

148

Vocational training

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vocational-training

Identifier

124

Regions:

Africa

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Countries and territories:

Gambia

Linking education policy to labor market outcomes

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Linking education policy to labor market outcomes

Language:

English

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english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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skpIntOrg

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international-organizations

Topics:

Skills policies and strategies

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Skills and employment policies should be viewed together. The full value of one policy set is realized when it supports the objectives of the other. For investments in education and training to yield maximum benefit to workers, enterprises, and economies, countries’ capacities for coordination is critical in three areas: connecting basic education to technical training and then to market entry; ensuring continuous communication between employers and training providers so that training meets the needs and aspirations of workers and enterprises, and integrating skills development policies with industrial, investment, trade, technology, environmental, rural and local development policies.

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skpPolConv

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skills-policies-and-strategies

Training quality and relevance

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skpTrainQR

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training-quality-and-relevance

Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice.

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Identifier

skpCaseStdy

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case-studies-and-good-practices

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues.

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skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

24 Dec 2012

Open

fm11g_011012.pdf

The objective of this study is to review what is known about the role of education in improving labor market outcomes, with a particular focus on policy considerations for developing countries. The report presents findings from current literature on the topic, which offer new ways of looking at the returns to education, together with evidence from four original data analysis and background studies of education and labor issues in Ghana and Pakistan. Country studies on Ghana and Pakistan are used to substantiate findings of the literature and illustrate the heterogeneity of education–labor market linkages across regions. These countries were chosen because they are representative of two of the poorest regions of the world and because their inclusion in the analysis complements ongoing World Bank work on education and labor market issues in those countries. The report argues that educational policies need to be seen within a broader macroeconomic context if education is to contribute to national economic growth.

Subject Tags:

Apprenticeships

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apprenticeships

Identifier

639

Policy convergence

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policy-convergence

Identifier

674

School-to-work transition

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school-to-work-transition

Identifier

652

Skills mismatch

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skills-mismatch

Identifier

654

Youth

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youth

Identifier

319

Regions:

Africa

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Asia and the Pacific

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Countries and territories:

Ghana

Pakistan

Financial arrangements in informal apprenticeships: Determinants and effects: Findings from urban Ghana

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Financial arrangements in informal apprenticeships: Determinants and effects: Findings from urban Ghana
													

Language:

English

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english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

ILO

The International Labour Organization is the tripartite U.N. agency that promotes Decent Work through employment, social security, labour standards and social dialogue. Its work on skills development is guided by the conceptual framework on Skills to improve productivity, employment growth, and development agreed in 2008 by representatives of Governments, Employers’ Associations and Workers’ Associations. Research, policy advice, and pilot projects and technical cooperation programmes to apply good practices in different circumstances across its 185 member States aims to boost the employability of workers, the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, and the inclusiveness of economic growth. The ILO Secretariat in offices in 40 countries works with Ministries of Labour, employers’ organizations, and trade unions to integrate skills development into national and sector development strategies in order to better meet current labour market needs and to prepare for the jobs of the future; to expand access to employment-related training so that youth, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are better able to acquire skills and secure productive and decent work; and to improve the ability of public employment services to provide career guidance, maintain labour exchange services, and deliver active labour market programmes.For more information regarding the ILO’s work on skills and employability go to: http://www.ilo.org/skills/lang--en/index.htm; for ILO/Cinterfor's Knowledge Management Plarform, see: http://www.oitcinterfor.org

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skpILO

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ilo

Topics:

Financing of training

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Initial education and training and lifelong learning benefit individuals, employers and society as a whole. Economic principles dictate that the costs for services with public and private benefits should be shared between public and private funding, or else too little training will be provided or taken up. Effective mechanisms for financing skills development vary according to countries’ economic and political circumstances and the degree and level of social dialogue established.

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skpFinanT

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financing-training

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

22 Dec 2012

Open

fm11g_010412.pdf

Using data collected through a survey among entrepreneurs and apprentices in micro and small enterprises in Accra, Ghana, analyses the financial arrangements in informal apprenticeships. Discusses the relationship between the financing of apprenticeships and the financing of enterprises in which the training takes place. Examines also the way apprentices finance apprenticeship training.

Subject Tags:

Apprenticeships

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apprenticeships

Identifier

639

Financing training

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financing-training

Identifier

673

Informal economy

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informal-economy

Identifier

187

Microenterprises

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microenterprises

Identifier

179

Regions:

Africa

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Countries and territories:

Ghana

Thematic evaluation of skills training interventions to prevent and eliminate child labour

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Thematic evaluation of skills training interventions to prevent and eliminate child labour
													

Language:

English

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english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

ILO

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Identifier

skpILO

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ilo

Topics:

Access to training

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Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business.

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skpATSU

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access-to-training

Youth employability

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Globally, nearly 68 million young women and men are looking for and available for work, and an estimated 123 million young people are working but living in poverty. The number who are not in employment, education or training (NEET) stands at 267 million, a majority of whom are young women. Significantly, young people are three times as likely as adults (25 years and older) to be unemployed.

Skills development is a primary means of enabling young people to make a smooth transition to work. A comprehensive approach is required to integrate young women and men in the labour market, including relevant and quality skills training, labour market information, career guidance and employment services, recognition of prior learning, incorporating entrepreneurship with training and effective skills forecasting. Improved basic education and core work skills are particularly important to enable youth to engage in lifelong learning as well as transition to the labour market.

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skpYoEmp

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youth-employability

Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice.

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Identifier

skpCaseStdy

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case-studies-and-good-practices

Evaluation reports

Analytical assessments of technical cooperation programmes and national skills and employment policies, identifying success factors of different interventions in response to particular challenges in different circumstances.

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skpEvalRep

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evaluation-reports

Publication Date:

21 Dec 2012

Open

fm11g_010217.pdf

The review is a synthesis of reports on skills training conducted in nine countries: Bangladesh, Cambodia, Colombia, Peru, India, Kenya, the Philippines, Senegal, and Turkey. This study reflects the increased attention that International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) has given to skills training in recent years. Many IPEC projects offer skills training programmes for older children at or above the minimum age of employment who are withdrawn from exploitative or hazardous work situations. The aim is to provide these children and youth with practical skills that will increase their future options in securing decent work. The study indicates that in a number of countries, IPEC has been building up a network of partners who work on different aspects of skills, including the development of more low-cost approaches through traditional apprenticeships. The evaluation also concludes that a special focus is required to facilitate the access of girls to vocational training.

Subject Tags:

Apprenticeships

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apprenticeships

Identifier

639

Gender

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294

Identifier

294

Poverty

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poverty

Identifier

148

Vocational training

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vocational-training

Identifier

124

Regions:

Africa

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Americas

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Asia and the Pacific

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Countries and territories:

Bangladesh

Bangladesh has a strong track record of growth and development, even in times of elevated global uncertainty. A robust demographic dividend, strong ready-made garment exports, resilient remittance inflows, and stable macroeconomic conditions have supported rapid economic growth over the past two decades. A strong recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic continued in FY22, although a recent surge in commodity prices has presented new headwinds.

Bangladesh reached lower-middle income status in 2015. It is on track to graduate from the UN’s Least Developed Countries list in 2026. Poverty declined from 43.5 percent in 1991 to 14.3 percent in 2016, based on the international poverty line of $1.90 a day (1).

Like many of its Asian neighbours, Bangladesh faces a major challenge trying to develop modern, employability skills for tens of millions of young women and men. It has a large informal sector, which accounts for 94.7 percent of the total employment in 2017 (2). Youth continue to be highly affected by the lack of opportunities, with the share of youth aged 15-24 not in employment, education or training (NEET), estimated at 27.8 percent in 2020 (3).

TVET has a huge role to play in equipping the vast young labour force of 15-29 years referred to as the country’s “demographic dividend” with employability skills and providing enhanced support services to ensure a better transition from school to work. TVET may also contribute to reducing poverty by providing employability skills, particularly to those who drop out of school early and to a large number of unemployed and underemployed adults.

Despite many reform initiatives by the government, the TVET sector needs further strengthening through reform of policies and systems in the labour market. Enhancing industry-relevance of TVET qualifications will furthermore require closer Government cooperation with the private sector. For one and a half decade, the ILO has worked closely with the Government of Bangladesh and its Social Partners to reform the TVET sector and to improve access for people to increase their skills and employability, in particular youth, women and people from other marginalized groups.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic had detrimental effects on the TVET sector, due to the nation-wide closure of all educational institutes for one and a half years, starting on 17 March 2020. Most students’ learning was effectively abolished for this duration, and learning and certification was only possible through limited online learning facilities in existence at the time. Only recently has the TVET returned to its prior activity level.

The ILO landmark programmes aim to strengthen and improve the environment for industry skills development, address the mismatch between the supply and demand for skills training, and drive the increased employability of millions of young women and men. ILO’s support to develop the skills system in Bangladesh has focused on skills system governance, development of skills policies and qualifications frameworks; delivery of quality skills training, expanding access to TVET, and involvement by the private sector.

Sources

(1) https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bangladesh/overview

(2) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/informality/

(3) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/youth/

Country Assessment and Priority (CAP) – Bangladesh strategy for skills and lifelong learning (2022)

Situation Analysis of Bangladesh TVET Sector (2019) https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—asia/—ro-bangkok/—ilo-dhaka/documents/publication/wcms_735704.pdf_

Cambodia

Colombia

India

Kenya

Peru

Philippines

Senegal

Türkiye

Pre-employment skills development strategies in the OECD

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Pre-employment skills development strategies in the OECD

Language:

English

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english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

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Identifier

skpIntOrg

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international-organizations

Topics:

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier

skpTrainQR

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training-quality-and-relevance

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

21 Dec 2012

Open

fm11g_010216.pdf

Effective pre-employment skills development strategies are critical in preparing individuals with relevant labor market skills and competencies. Within the context of rapidly changing skills demands, this paper documents and examines recent pre-employment skills development trends within OECD countries and reviews its main success factors. Despite the increasing focus on general and higher education, it is documented that participation in TVET systems at the upper secondary level in OECD countries has remained at approximately 50 percent of total enrollment in recent years. In response to the growing demand for general competencies and higher-level skills, there has also been an increasing trend in OECD countries to defer vocational specialization and more effectively integrate general and vocational education. Furthermore, in an effort to combat the image of TVET as a “dead-end” pathway, OECD countries are undertaking measures to improve permeability between TVET and higher education (e.g. the establishment of national qualifications frameworks). Finally, while traditional apprenticeships are declining in popularity, OECD countries are adopting new approaches of effectively integrating workplace experience in pre-employment TVET systems.

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Apprenticeships

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apprenticeships

Identifier

639

Qualification frameworks

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qualification-frameworks

Identifier

651

TVET systems

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tvet-systems

Identifier

661

Youth

Slug

youth

Identifier

319

Regions:

TVET reform: Designing an inclusive skills development program

Type:

Document

Content Type:

TVET reform: Designing an inclusive skills development program

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

ILO

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Identifier

skpILO

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ilo

Topics:

Access to training

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Identifier

skpATSU

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access-to-training

Participation of employers' and workers' organizations

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The world of learning and the world of work are separate but linked. While one involves learning, the other produces goods and services. Neither can thrive without the other. Strong partnerships between government, employers and workers help ensure the relevance of training to the changing needs of enterprises and labour markets.

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skpPSP

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participation-of-employers-and-workers-organizations

People with disabilities

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Of an estimated 1 billion people with disabilities in the world today, some 785 million are of working age. While many are successfully employed and fully integrated into society, most face a disproportionate level of poverty and unemployment. This is a massive loss both to them and their countries. A strategy of including people with disabilities in training and employment promotion policies, combined with targeted supports to ensure their participation, can help disabled persons obtain productive mainstream employment.

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skpPeoDis

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people-with-disabilities

Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice.

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Identifier

skpCaseStdy

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case-studies-and-good-practices

Publication Date:

17 Dec 2012

Open

fm11g_009612.pdf

The TVET Reform Project is an initiative of the Government of Bangladesh funded by the European Union and executed by the ILO in partnership with government agencies. Its objective is to strengthen economic development by ensuring that technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in Bangladesh is of a consistently high quality, accessible to students, internationally recognized and relevant to the needs of industry. The reform recognises that for Bangladesh to achieve a reduction in poverty, more people need to have access to both formal and informal TVET to develop relevant skills. This includes underprivileged groups, which are traditionally under-represented in skills training. To investigate which models of training and assessment work best with which student groups, the TVET Reform Project has facilitated the development of a number of partnerships between the government and the private sector. The pilot discussed in this publication is one of those collaborative efforts, focusing on increasing access of persons with disabilities and women with low levels of education to skills development programs.This pilot course is an important step in encouraging government and employers to consider the rights of persons with disabilities.

Subject Tags:

Apprenticeships

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apprenticeships

Identifier

639

Clothing and textile industries

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clothing-and-textile-industries

Identifier

207

Employability

Slug

employability

Identifier

643

Inclusion

Slug

inclusion

Identifier

665

People with disabilities

Slug

people-with-disabilities

Identifier

323

Poverty alleviation

Slug

poverty-alleviation

Identifier

149

Private sector

Slug

private-sector

Identifier

229

TVET systems

Slug

tvet-systems

Identifier

661

Vocational training

Slug

vocational-training

Identifier

124

Women

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women

Identifier

318

Regions:

Asia and the Pacific

Region Image

Countries and territories:

Bangladesh

Sources

(1) https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bangladesh/overview

(2) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/informality/

(3) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/youth/

Country Assessment and Priority (CAP) – Bangladesh strategy for skills and lifelong learning (2022)

Situation Analysis of Bangladesh TVET Sector (2019) https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—asia/—ro-bangkok/—ilo-dhaka/documents/publication/wcms_735704.pdf_

Study on the reintegration of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups through informal apprenticeship: Case studies of Korhogo (Ivory Coast) and Bunia (Democratic Republic of Congo)

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Study on the reintegration of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups through informal apprenticeship: Case studies of Korhogo (Ivory Coast) and Bunia (Democratic Republic of Congo) 
													

Language:

English

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english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

ILO

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Identifier

skpILO

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ilo

Topics:

Access to training

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Identifier

skpATSU

Slug

access-to-training

Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice.

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Identifier

skpCaseStdy

Slug

case-studies-and-good-practices

Publication Date:

14 Dec 2012

Open

fm11g_009215.pdf

The study describes the use of informal apprenticeship as a means of vocational training in reintegration projects. It assesses if informal apprenticeship is an effective means of economic reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups, and seeks to identify potential impacts on local system of informal apprenticeship.

Subject Tags:

Apprenticeships

Slug

apprenticeships

Identifier

639

Employability

Slug

employability

Identifier

643

Informal economy

Slug

informal-economy

Identifier

187

Vocational training

Slug

vocational-training

Identifier

124

Regions:

Africa

Region Image

Countries and territories:

Côte d'Ivoire

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Skills and productivity in the informal economy

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Skills and productivity in the informal economy

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

ILO

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Identifier

skpILO

Slug

ilo

Topics:

Access to training

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Identifier

skpATSU

Slug

access-to-training

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier

skpTrainQR

Slug

training-quality-and-relevance

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

13 Dec 2012

Open

fm11g_009015.pdf

Employment working paper No. 5 This publication analyses linkages between skills and productivity for improving existing work in the informal economy and for enabling the transition of informal activities to the formal economy. It examines issues and challenges related to skills and productivity in the context of the informal economy, presents a range of experiences that have been undertaken as responses to the identified issues and challenges, and draws a number of lessons that can be learned from such experiences.

Subject Tags:

Apprenticeships

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apprenticeships

Identifier

639

Enterprises

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enterprises

Identifier

175

Informal economy

Slug

informal-economy

Identifier

187

Poverty alleviation

Slug

poverty-alleviation

Identifier

149

Productivity

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productivity

Identifier

188

Vocational training

Slug

vocational-training

Identifier

124

Working poor

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working-poor

Identifier

150

Regions:

Youth employment in Sierra Leone: Sustainable livelihood opportunities in a post-conflict setting

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Youth employment in Sierra Leone: Sustainable livelihood opportunities in a post-conflict setting 
													

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

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Identifier

skpIntOrg

Slug

international-organizations

Topics:

Youth employability

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Identifier

skpYoEmp

Slug

youth-employability

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

Slug

research-papers

Statistical information

Data produced by the international organizations and countries on trends in skills provision, demand, and employment outcomes to help inform policy-making and monitoring processes.

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Identifier

skpStatInfo

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statistical-information

Publication Date:

12 Dec 2012

Open

fm11g_008417.pdf

The publication examines the supply and demand sides of the labor market to better understand the situation of today’s young people and provides recommendations for potential programs and policies for Sierra Leone. The study is based on a labor demand survey and reviews skill development programs to enhance youth employability, based on a review of international best practices and of the main programs in Sierra Leone. The specific objectives of the study are fivefold: to understand the characteristics of young people in Sierra Leone, to examine the relation between young people and the labor market in Sierra Leone, to review the skill needs of the country’s labor market, to analyze skill development programs to enhance the employability of young people, and to identify policy and program recommendations.

Subject Tags:

Apprenticeships

Slug

apprenticeships

Identifier

639

Employability

Slug

employability

Identifier

643

School-to-work transition

Slug

school-to-work-transition

Identifier

652

Skills mismatch

Slug

skills-mismatch

Identifier

654

Vocational training

Slug

vocational-training

Identifier

124

Regions:

Africa

Region Image

Countries and territories:

Sierra Leone

Skill development in India: The vocational education and training system

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Skill development in India: The vocational education and training system

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpIntOrg

Slug

international-organizations

Topics:

Access to training

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Identifier

skpATSU

Slug

access-to-training

Financing of training

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Identifier

skpFinanT

Slug

financing-training

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier

skpTrainQR

Slug

training-quality-and-relevance

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

Slug

research-papers

Publication Date:

12 Dec 2012

Open

fm11g_008412.pdf

This paper has been prepared at the request of the Government of India. It looks at what interventions are needed to improve the effectiveness of the vocational education and training system in India and provides recommendations on key reforms that can be undertaken in different areas to make the vocational education and training systems more responsive to the needs of the labor market.

Subject Tags: