Poverty

World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2018

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Document

Content Type:

World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2018

Language:

The International Labour Organization is the tripartite U.N. agency that promotes Decent Work through employment, social security, labour standards and social dialogue. Its work on skills development is guided by the conceptual framework on Skills to improve productivity, employment growth, and development agreed in 2008 by representatives of Governments, Employers’ Associations and Workers’ Associations. Research, policy advice, and pilot projects and technical cooperation programmes to apply good practices in different circumstances across its 185 member States aims to boost the employability of workers, the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, and the inclusiveness of economic growth. The ILO Secretariat in offices in 40 countries works with Ministries of Labour, employers’ organizations, and trade unions to integrate skills development into national and sector development strategies in order to better meet current labour market needs and to prepare for the jobs of the future; to expand access to employment-related training so that youth, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are better able to acquire skills and secure productive and decent work; and to improve the ability of public employment services to provide career guidance, maintain labour exchange services, and deliver active labour market programmes.For more information regarding the ILO’s work on skills and employability go to: http://www.ilo.org/skills/lang--en/index.htm; for ILO/Cinterfor's Knowledge Management Plarform, see: http://www.oitcinterfor.org

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skpILO

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ilo

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Career guidance and employment services

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Career guidance and counselling, career education and lifelong development of skills for employability are key for success in learning activities, effective career transitions, livelihood planning, entrepreneurship and in increasing labour market participation. They are instrumental in promoting skills utilization, recognition (RPL), as well as in improving enterprise human resource management.

Career development activities encompass a wide variety of support activities including career information and advice, counselling, work exposure (e.g. job shadowing, work experience periods), assessment, coaching, mentoring, professional networking, advocacy, basic and employability skills training (curricular and non-curricular) and entrepreneurship training. It is often an area which is fragmented across different ministries (e.g. education, TVET, employment, youth) requiring an effort to achieve the necessary coordination to provide adequate support to individuals during learning, employment and unemployment/inactivity periods.

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skpLMIES

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career-guidance-and-employment-services

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues.

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skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

23 Jan 2018

Open

edmsp1_208002.pdf

ILO Flagship Report The report analyses key job quality indicators, devoting particular attention to informality, underemployment and temporary employment. It also takes stock of structural sectoral shifts and population ageing, two long-term trends likely to add further pressures on the labour market.

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poverty

Identifier

148

Skills upgrading

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skills-upgrading

Identifier

657

Women

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women

Identifier

318

Regions:

Global

Sri Lanka employment diagnostic study: Fostering workforce skills through education

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Document

Content Type:

															Sri Lanka employment diagnostic study: Fostering workforce skills through education
													

Language:

English

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english

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skpEng

Sources:

ILO

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skpILO

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ilo

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

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skpOSource

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other-sources

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Career guidance and employment services

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skpLMIES

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career-guidance-and-employment-services

Older workers

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Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business.

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skpOldwor

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older-workers

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Research papers

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skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

01 Dec 2017

Open

wcmstest4_194966.pdf

This study examines Sri Lanka’s employment situation, including issues of aging and skills generation, and draws recommendations from the analysis. The report starts with an overview of the labor market in relation to both labor supply and demand. It then looks at the issues of aging and skill generation. The concluding chapter examines links between labor market trends, informality, and poverty. The report identifies two major challenges for the labor market in Sri Lanka: (1) coping with the aging of the population; and (2) generating new skills that are currently in demand, and that will drive future productivity growth. Welfare implications of recent growth have been positive, even though this growth has been characterized by increased informalization. Productivity growth has increased, and poverty among the self-employed has declined, both of which have driven a large fall in overall poverty incidence from the mid-2000s. But the slow growth of the formal sector is a problem for the security of employment and investments in human capital.

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Informal economy

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informal-economy

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187

Labour market information

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labour-market-information

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684

Older workers

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older-workers

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682

Poverty

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poverty

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148

Skills anticipation

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skills-anticipation

Identifier

677

Regions:

Asia and the Pacific

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Countries and territories:

Sri Lanka

Taking on inequality

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Document

Content Type:

Taking on inequality

Language:

English

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english

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skpEng

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International organizations

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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skpIntOrg

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international-organizations

Topics:

Access to training

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skpATSU

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access-to-training

Research papers

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skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

09 Jun 2017

Open

wcmstest4_190334.pdf

From the Poverty and Shared Prosperity series. The Poverty and Shared Prosperity series provides a global audience with the latest and most accurate estimates on trends in global poverty and shared prosperity, as well as in-depth research into policies and interventions that can make a difference for the world’s poorest. The 2016 edition takes a close look at the role that inequality reduction plays in ending extreme poverty and improving the livelihoods of the poorest in every country. It looks at recent country experiences that have been successful in reducing inequality, provides key lessons from those experiences, and synthesizes the rigorous evidence on public policies that can shift inequality in a way that bolsters poverty reduction and shared prosperity in a sustainable manner. In doing so, the report addresses some myths about the global picture of inequality, and what works to reduce it.

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Economic and social development

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economic-and-social-development

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125

Employability

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employability

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643

Human resources development

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human-resources-development

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118

Poverty

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poverty

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148

Regions:

Global

World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2017

Type:

Document

Content Type:

World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2017

Language:

English

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english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

ILO

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skpILO

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ilo

Topics:

Career guidance and employment services

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skpLMIES

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career-guidance-and-employment-services

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

16 Jan 2017

Open

wcmstest4_186498.pdf

ILO Flagship Report This edition takes stock of the current global labour market situation, assessing the most recent employment developments and forecasting unemployment levels in developed, emerging and developing countries. It also focuses on trends in job quality, paying particular attention to working poverty and vulnerable employment.

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Poverty

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poverty

Identifier

148

Regions:

Global

Why is growth less poverty reducing in Africa?

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Document

Content Type:

Why is growth less poverty reducing in Africa?

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English

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english

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skpEng

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International organizations

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skpIntOrg

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international-organizations

Other sources

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Identifier

skpOSource

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other-sources

Topics:

Access to training

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skpATSU

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access-to-training

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

16 Nov 2016

Open

wcmstest4_184907.pdf

Paper presented at the 2016 Jobs & Development Conference, 2- 3 November. This paper analyses the economic impacts of growth on poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa, exploiting a rich and unique dataset covering 56 countries between 1990 and 2012. Albeit the high economic growth rates of the last decades, there have been increasing concerns that growth is not benefiting African population at large. In line with the view that certain sectors are more poverty reducing than others, we find that during the period 1990-2012 productivity gains in agriculture played a smaller role in Africa than elsewhere. At the same time, employment shifts out of agriculture have contributed only half as much to poverty reduction than in the rest of the world, and especially there has been no impact of movements into manufacturing employment, which instead have been at the basis of the poverty reducing strategies of South and East Asia in the past decades. Forecasted projections for the years to come suggest that African governments would need to double their efforts towards structural transformations in order to achieve sustained poverty reduction.

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Agriculture

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agriculture

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225

Economic growth

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economic-growth

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166

Poverty

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poverty

Identifier

148

Regions:

Africa

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Gender dimensions of agricultural and rural employment: Differentiated pathways out of poverty status, trends and gaps

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Document

Content Type:

															Gender dimensions of agricultural and rural employment: Differentiated pathways out of poverty status, trends and gaps 
													

Language:

English

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english

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skpEng

Sources:

ILO

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skpILO

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ilo

International organizations

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skpIntOrg

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international-organizations

Topics:

Gender equality

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Women represent both half of the world's population – and half the world's economic potential. Their participation in the labour market reduces poverty because they often invest 90 per cent of their income in the well-being, education and nutrition of their families. Yet labour force participation by women has stagnated at about 55 per cent globally since 2010. Moreover, women are disproportionately represented in precarious work – low-paid, low-skilled and insecure jobs.

Training plays an important role in the pursuit of equality of opportunity and treatment for women and men in the world of work. Yet women often lack access to technical and vocational education and training. Many also lack the basic functional skills, such as literacy and numeracy, to participate meaningfully in the work force. Overcoming this challenge requires the adoption of a life-cycle approach. This includes improving girls’ access to basic education; overcoming logistic, economic and cultural barriers to apprenticeships and to secondary and vocational training for young women; and meeting the training needs of women re-entering the labour market and of older women who have not had equal access to opportunities for lifelong learning.

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skpGenEqul

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gender-equality

Rural employment

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Eight out of 10 of the world’s working poor who live on US $1.25 per day live in rural areas, where many are caught in vulnerable employment, especially in agriculture.Flourishing rural areas are vital to regional and national development. Yet, rural economies tend to face a wide range of challenges that urban areas are more likely to overcome. These include access to transportation, sanitation and health services, and a consumer base in close proximity to support small and medium enterprise development. Women and men working in rural areas also face difficulties associated with a paucity of economic opportunities, under investment, poor infrastructure and public services, including education, and, in many cases, weak governance and underdeveloped markets.

Education, entrepreneurship, and physical and social infrastructure all play an important role in developing rural regions. Skills are central to improving employability and livelihood opportunities, reducing poverty, enhancing productivity and promoting environmentally sustainable development.

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skpREmpl

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rural-employment

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

17 Oct 2016

Open

wcmstest4_183885.pdf

This publication summarizes the major outcomes of a technical workshop on the gender dimensions of rural employment organized by FAO, IFAD and the ILO, held from 31 March to 2 April 2009. The cornerstone of this publication’s analysis is the United Nation’s Decent Work Agenda, which calls for creating better jobs for both women and men, obtaining social protection for all rural workers, ensuring that labour standards apply to all rural workers and promoting rural institutions that equally represent women’s and men’s interests.

The publication is structured into three main parts. Part 1 is an overview presenting issues related to gender equality and rural employment for poverty reduction, that includes the construction of a gender analytical framework across regions and contexts. This section also identifies appropriate policy responses and gender based constraints to the achievement of decent work for all. Part 2 outlines and analyses key issues from the forty papers presented at the workshop, and provides abstracts of all those papers. Finally Part 3 offers a selection of six workshop papers that cover thematic areas of particular relevance to discussions about gender and rural employment.

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Gender

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294

Identifier

294

Poverty

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poverty

Identifier

148

Rural development

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rural-development

Identifier

152

Regions:

Global

Competências para as comunidades rurais: Um manual genérico de formação para o empoderamento económico das comunidades rurais (TREE)

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Document

Content Type:

															Competências para as comunidades rurais: Um manual genérico de formação para o empoderamento económico das comunidades rurais (TREE)
													

Language:

Portuguese

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portuguese

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skppt

Sources:

ILO

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Identifier

skpILO

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ilo

Topics:

Rural employment

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Identifier

skpREmpl

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rural-employment

Knowledge Products:

Other knowledge products

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skpOProduct

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other-knowledge-products

Publication Date:

30 Aug 2016

Open

wcmstest4_180888.pdf

A Formação para o Empoderamento Económico das Comunidades Rurais (Training for Rural Economic Empowerment, TREE) é um programa desenvuelto pelo Departamento para as Competências e a Empregabilidade da OIT, concebido segundo os princípios de formação de base comunitária. Esta metodología sistemática garante que a formação está ligada a oportunidades económicas e de emprego, e que os grupos-alvo desfavorecidos, incluindo as mulheres pobres e as pessoas com deficiência, podem aproveitar estas oportunidades e, assim, ver o seu poder económico reforçado.

O presente Manual é uma fonte de informação e um guia para conceber, planear e implementar um programa nacional relacionado com os processos da metodología TREE. O seu conteúdo reflete a experiência considerável adquirida pela OIT através da implementação de projetos de apoio técnico relacionados com aquela metodologia. O Manual Genérico da TREE não constitui um esquema para um projeto, sendo um guia desenvolvido especificamente para planear, conceber e implementar programas de apoio à formação e pós-formação para reforçar o poder das pessoas pobres e das suas comunidades. Trata-se de um documento abrangente que ilustra os processos sistemáticos para conceber um programa de desenvolvimento das competências com base na metodologia TREE. Este Manual contém diretrizes, ferramentas de implementação e materiais para auxiliar os responsáveis pelo planeamento, os gestores de projetos e os parceiros de implementação dos programas de desenvolvimento das competências como parte integrante das estratégias de redução da pobreza e de empoderamento.

Subject Tags:

Development policy

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development-policy

Identifier

136

Poverty

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poverty

Identifier

148

Poverty alleviation

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poverty-alleviation

Identifier

149

Rural development

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rural-development

Identifier

152

Rural employment

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rural-employment

Identifier

670

Rural workers

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rural-workers

Identifier

637

Skills and training policy

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skills-and-training-policy

Identifier

666

Regions:

Global

Transforming the economic lives of the ultra-poor

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Document

Content Type:

Transforming the economic lives of the ultra-poor

Language:

English

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english

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skpEng

Sources:

Academic institutions

Research papers, synthesis reports, country and programme studies are collected from many academic institutions and national, regional and international professional associations.

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skpAcaInst

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academic-institutions

Other sources

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skpOSource

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other-sources

Topics:

Training quality and relevance

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skpTrainQR

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training-quality-and-relevance

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

30 Jun 2016

Open

wcmstest4_177662.pdf

This brief presents the key messages of a livelihood programme providing productive assets and skills training to the poorest women in Bangladesh village economies, helping them move into more stable self-employment and achieving significant reductions in poverty.

Subject Tags:

Poverty

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poverty

Identifier

148

Poverty alleviation

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poverty-alleviation

Identifier

149

Skills re-training

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skills-re-training

Identifier

655

Women

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women

Identifier

318

Regions:

Asia and the Pacific

Region Image

Countries and territories:

Bangladesh

Bangladesh has a strong track record of growth and development, even in times of elevated global uncertainty. A robust demographic dividend, strong ready-made garment exports, resilient remittance inflows, and stable macroeconomic conditions have supported rapid economic growth over the past two decades. A strong recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic continued in FY22, although a recent surge in commodity prices has presented new headwinds.

Bangladesh reached lower-middle income status in 2015. It is on track to graduate from the UN’s Least Developed Countries list in 2026. Poverty declined from 43.5 percent in 1991 to 14.3 percent in 2016, based on the international poverty line of $1.90 a day (1).

Like many of its Asian neighbours, Bangladesh faces a major challenge trying to develop modern, employability skills for tens of millions of young women and men. It has a large informal sector, which accounts for 94.7 percent of the total employment in 2017 (2). Youth continue to be highly affected by the lack of opportunities, with the share of youth aged 15-24 not in employment, education or training (NEET), estimated at 27.8 percent in 2020 (3).

TVET has a huge role to play in equipping the vast young labour force of 15-29 years referred to as the country’s “demographic dividend” with employability skills and providing enhanced support services to ensure a better transition from school to work. TVET may also contribute to reducing poverty by providing employability skills, particularly to those who drop out of school early and to a large number of unemployed and underemployed adults.

Despite many reform initiatives by the government, the TVET sector needs further strengthening through reform of policies and systems in the labour market. Enhancing industry-relevance of TVET qualifications will furthermore require closer Government cooperation with the private sector. For one and a half decade, the ILO has worked closely with the Government of Bangladesh and its Social Partners to reform the TVET sector and to improve access for people to increase their skills and employability, in particular youth, women and people from other marginalized groups.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic had detrimental effects on the TVET sector, due to the nation-wide closure of all educational institutes for one and a half years, starting on 17 March 2020. Most students’ learning was effectively abolished for this duration, and learning and certification was only possible through limited online learning facilities in existence at the time. Only recently has the TVET returned to its prior activity level.

The ILO landmark programmes aim to strengthen and improve the environment for industry skills development, address the mismatch between the supply and demand for skills training, and drive the increased employability of millions of young women and men. ILO’s support to develop the skills system in Bangladesh has focused on skills system governance, development of skills policies and qualifications frameworks; delivery of quality skills training, expanding access to TVET, and involvement by the private sector.

Sources

(1) https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bangladesh/overview

(2) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/informality/

(3) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/youth/

Country Assessment and Priority (CAP) – Bangladesh strategy for skills and lifelong learning (2022)

Situation Analysis of Bangladesh TVET Sector (2019) https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—asia/—ro-bangkok/—ilo-dhaka/documents/publication/wcms_735704.pdf_

World Employment and Social Outlook 2016: Transforming jobs to end poverty

Type:

Document

Content Type:

World Employment and Social Outlook 2016: Transforming jobs to end poverty

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

ILO

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Identifier

skpILO

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ilo

Topics:

Career guidance and employment services

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Identifier

skpLMIES

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career-guidance-and-employment-services

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

19 May 2016

Open

wcmstest4_175255.pdf

This edition of the World Employment and Social Outlook looks at poverty reduction and how it has been influenced by income inequality and the availability of quality jobs in developing and developed countries. The report provides an estimate of the cost to eradicate extreme and moderate poverty globally. It also offers policy recommendations to address the structural challenges needed to provide both quality jobs and poverty reduction.

The report contains six chapters:

Chapter 1: examines the employment dimension of poverty by analysing the incidence of working poverty and the types of jobs that the poor rely on compared with the non-poor. This is done by considering the relation of the poor and non-poor with the labour market, as well as creating a breakdown of poverty in terms of employment status, sector, skills and nature of occupation.
Chapter 2: estimates how much income would be needed in order to end poverty in all countries.
Chapter 3: discusses the role of economic growth in poverty reduction.
Chapter 4: considers the role of labour standards and rights as framework conditions for enhancing individual and collective capabilities.
Chapter 5: considers decent work policies in the context of the rural economy and how these can contribute to the eradication of extreme poverty.
Chapter 6: examines the importance of cross-cutting policies and the role of effective labour market institutions as central levers for successful policy implementation.

Subject Tags:

Economic growth

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economic-growth

Identifier

166

Poverty

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poverty

Identifier

148

Regions:

Global

Rural skills training - A generic manual on training for rural economic empowerment (TREE)

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Rural skills training - A generic manual on training for rural economic empowerment (TREE)
													

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

ILO

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Identifier

skpILO

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ilo

Topics:

Rural employment

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Identifier

skpREmpl

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rural-employment

Knowledge Products:

Other knowledge products

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Identifier

skpOProduct

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other-knowledge-products

Publication Date:

06 May 2016

Open

wcmstest4_174257.pdf

The Training for Rural Economic Empowerment (TREE) methodology ensures that training is linked to economic and employment opportunities, and that disadvantaged target groups, including poor women and people with disabilities, can realize these opportunities and thereby be economically empowered.

This Manual is a source of information and guide to designing, planning and implementing a national programme related to the processes of the TREE methodology. Its content specifically reflects the considerable experience gained by the ILO through implementation of TREE-related technical assistance projects. The TREE Generic Manual is not a blueprint for a project, but a guide developed specifically for planning, designing and implementing training and post-training support programmes to empower poor people and their communities. It is a comprehensive document illustrating systematic processes of setting up a skills development programme based on TREE methodology. It contains guidelines, implementing tools and materials to assist planners, project managers and implementing partners of skills development programmes as part of poverty reduction and empowerment strategies.

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