United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Classifying Occupations According to Their Skill Requirements in Job Advertisements

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Classifying Occupations According to Their Skill Requirements in Job Advertisements
													

Language:

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpOSource

Slug

other-sources

Topics:

Career guidance and employment services

Thumbnail

Career guidance and counselling, career education and lifelong development of skills for employability are key for success in learning activities, effective career transitions, livelihood planning, entrepreneurship and in increasing labour market participation. They are instrumental in promoting skills utilization, recognition (RPL), as well as in improving enterprise human resource management.

Career development activities encompass a wide variety of support activities including career information and advice, counselling, work exposure (e.g. job shadowing, work experience periods), assessment, coaching, mentoring, professional networking, advocacy, basic and employability skills training (curricular and non-curricular) and entrepreneurship training. It is often an area which is fragmented across different ministries (e.g. education, TVET, employment, youth) requiring an effort to achieve the necessary coordination to provide adequate support to individuals during learning, employment and unemployment/inactivity periods.

Identifier

skpLMIES

Slug

career-guidance-and-employment-services

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues.

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpRPS

Slug

research-papers

Publication Date:

11 Apr 2018

Open

edmsp1_212029.pdf

In this work, we propose a methodology for classifying occupations based on skill requirements provided in online job adverts. To develop the classification methodology, we apply semi-supervised machine learning techniques to a dataset of 37 million UK online job adverts collected by Burning Glass Technologies. The resulting occupational classification comprises four hierarchical layers: the first three layers relate to skill specialisation and group jobs that require similar types of skills. The fourth layer of the hierarchy is based on the offered salary and indicates skill level. The proposed classification will have the potential to enable measurement of an individual's career progression within the same skill domain, to recommend jobs to individuals based on their skills and to mitigate occupational misclassification issues. While we provide initial results and descriptions of occupational groups in the Burning Glass data, we believe that the main contribution of this work is the methodology for grouping jobs into occupations based on skills.

Subject Tags:

Labour market information

Slug

labour-market-information

Identifier

684

Skills indicators

Slug

skills-indicators

Identifier

653

Regions:

Europe and Central Asia

Region Image

Countries and territories:

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

English Apprenticeships: Our 2020 Vision

Type:

Document

Content Type:

English Apprenticeships: Our 2020 Vision

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

Governments

Governments hold a wealth of knowledge on skills development, and are increasingly realizing the value of learning from each others’ experiences. Their policy documents, programme evaluations, and research findings contain their experience and ideas on how to better link skills to employment

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpGov

Slug

governments

Topics:

Knowledge Products:

National policies and initiatives

National legislation, policies and initiatives on the issue of training and skills development and the world of work.

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpNatPol

Slug

national-policies-and-initiatives

Statistical information

Data produced by the international organizations and countries on trends in skills provision, demand, and employment outcomes to help inform policy-making and monitoring processes.

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpStatInfo

Slug

statistical-information

Publication Date:

27 Mar 2018

Open

edmsp1_211025.pdf

Around the world, apprenticeships have long been recognised as a crucial way to develop the skills wanted by employers. That is why the UK government plans to increase the quality and quantity of apprenticeships in England, reaching three million starts in 2020. This Executive Summary provides some key insights on the benefits of apprenticeships as well as funding solutions.

Subject Tags:

Apprenticeships

Slug

apprenticeships

Identifier

639

Regions:

Europe and Central Asia

Region Image

Countries and territories:

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Apprenticeships Policy in England: 2017

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Apprenticeships Policy in England: 2017

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

Governments

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpGov

Slug

governments

Topics:

Knowledge Products:

Policy and strategy

Recommendations and advice on resolving policy challenges related to skills development systems and their linkages to the world of work. Concise syntheses of experience from the international organizations.

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpPolOp

Slug

policy-and-strategy

Publication Date:

27 Mar 2018

Open

edmsp1_211024.pdf

Skills and training are devolved policy areas. This Briefing Paper covers apprenticeships in England. The brief focuses on the current apprenticeship system, the Apprenticeship Levy and other changes to apprenticeship funding in the United Kingdom.

Subject Tags:

Apprenticeships

Slug

apprenticeships

Identifier

639

Regions:

Europe and Central Asia

Region Image

Countries and territories:

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Getting skills right: Good practice in adapting to changing skill needs

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Getting skills right: Good practice in adapting to changing skill needs

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

International organizations

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpIntOrg

Slug

international-organizations

Topics:

Access to training

Thumbnail

Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business.

Identifier

skpATSU

Slug

access-to-training

Training quality and relevance

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpTrainQR

Slug

training-quality-and-relevance

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpRPS

Slug

research-papers

Publication Date:

07 Dec 2017

Open

wcmstest4_195103.pdf

A perspective on France, Italy, Spain, South Africa and the United Kingdom This report identifies effective strategies to tackle skills imbalances, based on five country-specific policy notes for France, Italy, Spain, South Africa and the United Kingdom. It provides a comparative assessment of practices and policies in the following areas: the collection and use of information on skill needs to foster a better alignment of skills acquisitions with labour market needs; the design of education and training systems and their responsiveness to changing skill needs; the re-training of unemployed individuals; and the improvement of skills use and skills matching in the labour market. The assessment is based on country visits, desk research and data analysis conducted by the OECD secretariat in the five countries reviewed. Examples of good practice from other countries are also discussed.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264277892-en

Subject Tags:

Labour market information

Slug

labour-market-information

Identifier

684

Recognition of prior learning

Slug

recognition-of-prior-learning

Identifier

675

Skills mismatch

Slug

skills-mismatch

Identifier

654

Skills utilization

Slug

skills-utilization

Identifier

685

Regions:

Countries and territories:

France

Italy

South Africa

Spain

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Trade union involvement in skills development: an international review

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Trade union involvement in skills development: an international review

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

Academic institutions

Research papers, synthesis reports, country and programme studies are collected from many academic institutions and national, regional and international professional associations.

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpAcaInst

Slug

academic-institutions

ILO

The International Labour Organization is the tripartite U.N. agency that promotes Decent Work through employment, social security, labour standards and social dialogue. Its work on skills development is guided by the conceptual framework on Skills to improve productivity, employment growth, and development agreed in 2008 by representatives of Governments, Employers’ Associations and Workers’ Associations. Research, policy advice, and pilot projects and technical cooperation programmes to apply good practices in different circumstances across its 185 member States aims to boost the employability of workers, the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, and the inclusiveness of economic growth. The ILO Secretariat in offices in 40 countries works with Ministries of Labour, employers’ organizations, and trade unions to integrate skills development into national and sector development strategies in order to better meet current labour market needs and to prepare for the jobs of the future; to expand access to employment-related training so that youth, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are better able to acquire skills and secure productive and decent work; and to improve the ability of public employment services to provide career guidance, maintain labour exchange services, and deliver active labour market programmes.For more information regarding the ILO’s work on skills and employability go to: http://www.ilo.org/skills/lang--en/index.htm; for ILO/Cinterfor's Knowledge Management Plarform, see: http://www.oitcinterfor.org

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpILO

Slug

ilo

Topics:

Participation of employers' and workers' organizations

Thumbnail

The world of learning and the world of work are separate but linked. While one involves learning, the other produces goods and services. Neither can thrive without the other. Strong partnerships between government, employers and workers help ensure the relevance of training to the changing needs of enterprises and labour markets.

Identifier

skpPSP

Slug

participation-of-employers-and-workers-organizations

Training quality and relevance

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpTrainQR

Slug

training-quality-and-relevance

Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice.

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpCaseStdy

Slug

case-studies-and-good-practices

Research papers

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpRPS

Slug

research-papers

Publication Date:

23 Oct 2017

Open

wcmstest4_193904.pdf

This report seeks to improve our understanding of the involvement of trade unions in the domain of TVET and skills development at the national, sectoral and enterprise levels. It does this through case studies of ten countries at different stages of development and with different traditions of unionism and social dialogue.

This publication reflects a joint effort by the Skills and Employability Branch (SKILLS) and Bureau for Workers Activities (ACTRAV) of the International Labour Organisation (ILO). This collaboration has documented current practices with the intention of supporting workers organisations so they can take part in the development of national, sectoral and enterprise skills policies and by providing them with advice, tools and training courses to enable them to do so.

Subject Tags:

Skills and training policy

Slug

skills-and-training-policy

Identifier

666

TVET systems

Slug

tvet-systems

Identifier

661

Vocational training

Slug

vocational-training

Identifier

124

Regions:

Countries and territories:

Argentina

Bangladesh

Bangladesh has a strong track record of growth and development, even in times of elevated global uncertainty. A robust demographic dividend, strong ready-made garment exports, resilient remittance inflows, and stable macroeconomic conditions have supported rapid economic growth over the past two decades. A strong recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic continued in FY22, although a recent surge in commodity prices has presented new headwinds.

Bangladesh reached lower-middle income status in 2015. It is on track to graduate from the UN’s Least Developed Countries list in 2026. Poverty declined from 43.5 percent in 1991 to 14.3 percent in 2016, based on the international poverty line of $1.90 a day (1).

Like many of its Asian neighbours, Bangladesh faces a major challenge trying to develop modern, employability skills for tens of millions of young women and men. It has a large informal sector, which accounts for 94.7 percent of the total employment in 2017 (2). Youth continue to be highly affected by the lack of opportunities, with the share of youth aged 15-24 not in employment, education or training (NEET), estimated at 27.8 percent in 2020 (3).

TVET has a huge role to play in equipping the vast young labour force of 15-29 years referred to as the country’s “demographic dividend” with employability skills and providing enhanced support services to ensure a better transition from school to work. TVET may also contribute to reducing poverty by providing employability skills, particularly to those who drop out of school early and to a large number of unemployed and underemployed adults.

Despite many reform initiatives by the government, the TVET sector needs further strengthening through reform of policies and systems in the labour market. Enhancing industry-relevance of TVET qualifications will furthermore require closer Government cooperation with the private sector. For one and a half decade, the ILO has worked closely with the Government of Bangladesh and its Social Partners to reform the TVET sector and to improve access for people to increase their skills and employability, in particular youth, women and people from other marginalized groups.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic had detrimental effects on the TVET sector, due to the nation-wide closure of all educational institutes for one and a half years, starting on 17 March 2020. Most students’ learning was effectively abolished for this duration, and learning and certification was only possible through limited online learning facilities in existence at the time. Only recently has the TVET returned to its prior activity level.

The ILO landmark programmes aim to strengthen and improve the environment for industry skills development, address the mismatch between the supply and demand for skills training, and drive the increased employability of millions of young women and men. ILO’s support to develop the skills system in Bangladesh has focused on skills system governance, development of skills policies and qualifications frameworks; delivery of quality skills training, expanding access to TVET, and involvement by the private sector.

Sources

(1) https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bangladesh/overview

(2) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/informality/

(3) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/youth/

Country Assessment and Priority (CAP) – Bangladesh strategy for skills and lifelong learning (2022)

Situation Analysis of Bangladesh TVET Sector (2019) https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—asia/—ro-bangkok/—ilo-dhaka/documents/publication/wcms_735704.pdf_

Brazil

Morocco

Oman

Philippines

Senegal

South Africa

Sweden

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Getting skills right: Good practice in adapting to changing skill needs - A perspective on France, Italy, Spain, South Africa and the United Kingdom

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Getting skills right: Good practice in adapting to changing skill needs - A perspective on France, Italy, Spain, South Africa and the United Kingdom
													

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

International organizations

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpIntOrg

Slug

international-organizations

Topics:

Career guidance and employment services

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpLMIES

Slug

career-guidance-and-employment-services

Training quality and relevance

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpTrainQR

Slug

training-quality-and-relevance

Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice.

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpCaseStdy

Slug

case-studies-and-good-practices

Research papers

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpRPS

Slug

research-papers

Publication Date:

31 Jul 2017

Open

wcmstest4_191693.pdf

This report identifies effective strategies to tackle skills imbalances, based on five country-specific policy notes for France, Italy, Spain, South Africa and the United Kingdom. It provides a comparative assessment of practices and policies in the following areas: the collection and use of information on skill needs to foster a better alignment of skills acquisitions with labour market needs; the design of education and training systems and their responsiveness to changing skill needs; the re-training of unemployed individuals; and the improvement of skills use and skills matching in the labour market. The assessment is based on country visits, desk research and data analysis conducted by the OECD secretariat in the five countries reviewed. Examples of good practice from other countries are also discussed.

DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264277892-en

Subject Tags:

Skills and training policy

Slug

skills-and-training-policy

Identifier

666

Skills mismatch

Slug

skills-mismatch

Identifier

654

Regions:

Europe and Central Asia

Region Image

Countries and territories:

France

Italy

South Africa

Spain

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Strengthening your workforce with talent from disadvantaged groups

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Strengthening your workforce with talent from disadvantaged groups

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

Employers' organizations

Employers invest in training in order to improve productivity, innovate and adopt new technologies, and compete in changing markets. Case studies and research from individual employers and associations of employers on the Global KSP deal with apprenticeship and workplace skills provision, quality assurance and governance of training institutions, and employers’ roles in anticipating skill needs and in influencing national and sector policies on skills development.

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpEmp

Slug

employers-organizations

Governments

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpGov

Slug

governments

Topics:

Promotional material

Presentations, discussion papers, meeting reports, promotional materials, videos, fact sheets, brochures and newsletters on skills development for employment.

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpAIM

Slug

promotional-material

Publication Date:

19 Jul 2017

Open

wcmstest4_191497.pdf

One of the most powerful ways employers can support their local communities and improve their business, is by making their jobs accessible to all. Greater diversity of life experiences brings with it a stronger workforce and a distinct competitive edge.

The Department for Work & Pension’s new toolkit, written in partnership with Business in the Community, is designed to help employers across all sectors review their recruitment practices to ensure they are open and fair for all candidates, including those from disadvantaged groups.

By following the steps in this simple guide, businesses can gain access to a largely untapped pool of potential talent, including long-term unemployed, ex-offenders, care leavers, recovering addicts, homeless people, single parents and military veterans.

The toolkit has been produced in support of the Government's See Potential campaign, which encourages employers to think differently about how they recruit and recognise the potential within people from disadvantaged groups.

Subject Tags:

Disadvantaged youth

Slug

disadvantaged-youth

Identifier

663

Inclusion

Slug

inclusion

Identifier

665

Regions:

Countries and territories:

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Evaluation of UK Futures Programme: conclusions and guidance

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Evaluation of UK Futures Programme: conclusions and guidance

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

Governments

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpGov

Slug

governments

Topics:

Monitoring and evaluation

Thumbnail

Measuring the outcomes of skills systems, policies and targeted programmes is essential in order to monitor and improve their effectiveness and relevance. Elements of sound assessment processes include: institutions to sustain feedback from employers and trainees; mechanisms to track labour market outcomes of training and systems of accountability that use this information; and, quantitative and qualitative labour market information and its dissemination to all stakeholders.

Identifier

skpPolPer

Slug

monitoring-and-evaluation

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpRPS

Slug

research-papers

Publication Date:

18 Jul 2017

Open

wcmstest4_191495.pdf

This report presents the evaluation of the UK Futures Programme (UKFP), including the learning for policy in the areas covered, plus guidance on implementing such an ‘innovation lab’ type project by other partners. Productivity growth in the UK is sluggish. Productivity relies on a dynamic economy where good ideas spread rapidly, workers are well matched to jobs, firms can scale up, and where people move into jobs that use their skills. The UK Futures Programme is a novel approach to tackling the causes of low productivity within businesses, offering small scale, public co-investment to employers and industry, to design and test their own solutions.

Over the period April 2014 to July 2016, 32 partnerships tested innovative solutions through five Productivity Challenges, covering areas of improving pay and progression opportunities for low paid workers; enhancing management and leadership through supply chains; and enhancing leadership in small firms through anchor institutions.

Subject Tags:

Productivity

Slug

productivity

Identifier

188

Skills and training policy

Slug

skills-and-training-policy

Identifier

666

Regions:

Europe and Central Asia

Region Image

Countries and territories:

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Engaging employers in apprenticeship opportunities

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Engaging employers in apprenticeship opportunities

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

ILO

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpILO

Slug

ilo

International organizations

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpIntOrg

Slug

international-organizations

Topics:

Access to training

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpATSU

Slug

access-to-training

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpRPS

Slug

research-papers

Publication Date:

10 Jul 2017

Open

wcmstest4_191293.pdf

This joint OECD-ILO publication provides guidance on how local and regional governments can foster business-education partnerships in apprenticeship programmes and other types of work-based learning, drawing on case studies across nine countries. There has been increasing interest in apprenticeships which combine on the job training with classroom-based study, providing a smooth transition from school to work. There are benefits to both individuals and employers from participating in apprenticeships, including increased productivity and job quality. Successful implementation is contingent on having a high level of employer engagement at the local level, notably in the design, development and delivery of programmes.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264266681-en

Subject Tags:

Apprenticeships

Slug

apprenticeships

Identifier

639

Youth

Slug

youth

Identifier

319

Regions:

Countries and territories:

Australia

Bangladesh

Sources

(1) https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bangladesh/overview

(2) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/informality/

(3) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/youth/

Country Assessment and Priority (CAP) – Bangladesh strategy for skills and lifelong learning (2022)

Situation Analysis of Bangladesh TVET Sector (2019) https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—asia/—ro-bangkok/—ilo-dhaka/documents/publication/wcms_735704.pdf_

Germany

India

New Zealand

Norway

Türkiye

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

United States of America

Digital skills for the UK economy

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Digital skills for the UK economy

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

Governments

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpGov

Slug

governments

Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

Thumbnail

Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions.

Identifier

skpAFSN

Slug

anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs

Knowledge Products:

Policy and strategy

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpPolOp

Slug

policy-and-strategy

Publication Date:

11 Oct 2016

Open

wcmstest4_183282.pdf

This study examines the demand and supply of digital skills in the UK and reviews the risks for the UK if the digital skills needs of the population and businesses are not addressed. The findings of the study aim to inform the government’s digital strategy, as a key element of the Productivity Plan.

The study addressed four key questions:

1. What is the current demand for digital skills across the economy and what are the different types of digital skills requirements?
2. What barriers and market failures to the development of digital skills have emerged during the last decade?
3. What are the areas of shortage or mismatch (skill mismatch is defined as the gap between an individual's job skills and the demands of the job market) of digital skills in the workforce?
4. How can the supply of digital skills meet the demand of the labour market?

Subject Tags: