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Skills upgrading

Slug
skills-upgrading
Identifier
657

Skills policy instruments for industrial development in low and middle income countries

Skills policy instruments for industrial development in low and middle income countries

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Skills policy instruments for industrial development in low and middle income countries
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

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Identifier
skpOSource
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other-sources
Topics:

Training quality and relevance

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpTrainQR
Slug
training-quality-and-relevance
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
09 Oct 2019
Inclusive and Sustainable Industrial Development Working Paper 2/2017 This working paper is divided into four parts. The first section explores the different stages of development and the different skill patterns required to link the process of structural change with skills development. It underlines that technical specialization increases when a shift towards sophisticated industries takes place. Furthermore, important considerations policymakers need to take when designing skills policies as well as youth and the informal sector are addressed. The second section provides insights on a range of skills policy instruments for low- and middle-income countries. The third section highlights some of the main skills policy instruments used by policymakers and describes the experiences of low- and middle income countries with regard to implementation of such instruments. The conclusion summarizes the key findings and gives recommendations for policymakers in the implementation of skills policies in low- and middle income countries.
Subject Tags:

Labour market information

Slug
labour-market-information
Identifier
684

Sectoral approaches

Slug
sectoral-approaches
Identifier
676

Skills and training policy

Slug
skills-and-training-policy
Identifier
666

Skills upgrading

Slug
skills-upgrading
Identifier
657

TVET systems

Slug
tvet-systems
Identifier
661

Vocational training

Slug
vocational-training
Identifier
124
Regions:

Implementing a holistic approach to lifelong learning. Community Lifelong Learning Centres as a gateway to multidisciplinary support teams

Implementing a holistic approach to lifelong learning. Community Lifelong Learning Centres as a gateway to multidisciplinary support teams

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Implementing a holistic approach to lifelong learning. Community Lifelong Learning Centres as a gateway to multidisciplinary support teams
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpOSource
Slug
other-sources
Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

Thumbnail

Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions. 

Identifier
skpAFSN
Slug
anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs

Lifelong learning

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There is a critical need for a greater overall investment in education and training, particularly in developing countries. Education and training investments should be closely linked to economic and employment growth strategies and programmes. Responsibility should be shared between the government (primary responsibility), enterprises, the social partners, and the individual. To make lifelong learning for all a reality, countries will need to make major reforms of their vocational and education and training systems. School-to-work schemes for young people should integrate education with workplace learning. Training systems need to become more flexible and responsive to rapidly changing skill requirements. Reforms should also focus on how learning can be facilitated, not just on training for specific occupational categories.

Identifier
skpPSLLL
Slug
lifelong-learning

Training quality and relevance

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpTrainQR
Slug
training-quality-and-relevance
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
08 Oct 2019
Cedefop - Lifelong learning platform joint briefing paper This briefing paper aims to inform European Institutions as well as national policy and decision makers on the issue of integrated and holistic approach to lifelong learning. It also provides the context at a high level and shares a few recommendations on ways to establish lifelong learning systems at local, regional and national level. Furthermore, this briefing paper helps raise awareness about the main highlights and existing practice in order to make any necessary decisions or complete any similar ongoing work in this respect. The paper elaborates on the current context of learning in Europe, bringing a few examples of recent developments of community based services in education.
Subject Tags:

Lifelong learning

Slug
lifelong-learning
Identifier
400

Skills and training policy

Slug
skills-and-training-policy
Identifier
666

Skills re-training

Slug
skills-re-training
Identifier
655

Skills upgrading

Slug
skills-upgrading
Identifier
657

TVET systems

Slug
tvet-systems
Identifier
661
Regions:

Skillset and match

Skillset and match

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Skillset and match
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpOSource
Slug
other-sources
Topics:

Access to training

Thumbnail

Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.  

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business. 
 

Identifier
skpATSU
Slug
access-to-training

Lifelong learning

Thumbnail

There is a critical need for a greater overall investment in education and training, particularly in developing countries. Education and training investments should be closely linked to economic and employment growth strategies and programmes. Responsibility should be shared between the government (primary responsibility), enterprises, the social partners, and the individual. To make lifelong learning for all a reality, countries will need to make major reforms of their vocational and education and training systems. School-to-work schemes for young people should integrate education with workplace learning. Training systems need to become more flexible and responsive to rapidly changing skill requirements. Reforms should also focus on how learning can be facilitated, not just on training for specific occupational categories.

Identifier
skpPSLLL
Slug
lifelong-learning

Training quality and relevance

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpTrainQR
Slug
training-quality-and-relevance
Knowledge Products:

Other knowledge products

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpOProduct
Slug
other-knowledge-products
Publication Date:
08 Oct 2019
Cedefop’s magazine promoting learning for work – September 2019 issue 17
Subject Tags:

Access to training

Slug
access-to-training
Identifier
683

Skills and training policy

Slug
skills-and-training-policy
Identifier
666

Skills upgrading

Slug
skills-upgrading
Identifier
657

Skills utilization

Slug
skills-utilization
Identifier
685

TVET systems

Slug
tvet-systems
Identifier
661
Regions:

Indigenous employment and skills strategies in Australia

Indigenous employment and skills strategies in Australia

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Indigenous employment and skills strategies in Australia
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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Identifier
skpIntOrg
Slug
international-organizations
Topics:

Access to training

Thumbnail

Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.  

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business. 
 

Identifier
skpATSU
Slug
access-to-training

Anticipating and matching skills needs

Thumbnail

Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions. 

Identifier
skpAFSN
Slug
anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs

Training quality and relevance

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpTrainQR
Slug
training-quality-and-relevance
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
08 Oct 2019
OECD Reviews on local job creation Innovative ways of working with Indigenous Australians are needed to improve their employment prospects, especially as many work in jobs that are most likely to be impacted by digitalisation and automation in the future. This report considers both quantitative and qualitative data regarding employment, skills, and entrepreneurship opportunities for Indigenous Australians. A number of case studies were undertaken with employment and training providers in the cities of Sydney and Perth to gain insights into the delivery of employment and skills programmes targeted to Indigenous Australians. The report highlights critical success factors to better link Indigenous Australians to high quality jobs while also providing recommendations regarding future employment and skills programming.

https://doi.org/10.1787/dd1029ea-en.
Subject Tags:

Skills and training policy

Slug
skills-and-training-policy
Identifier
666

Skills anticipation

Slug
skills-anticipation
Identifier
677

Skills mismatch

Slug
skills-mismatch
Identifier
654

Skills re-training

Slug
skills-re-training
Identifier
655

Skills upgrading

Slug
skills-upgrading
Identifier
657

Vocational training

Slug
vocational-training
Identifier
124
Regions:
Countries and territories:

2018 European skills index

2018 European skills index

Type:
Document
Content Type:
2018 European skills index
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpOSource
Slug
other-sources
Topics:

Access to training

Thumbnail

Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.  

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business. 
 

Identifier
skpATSU
Slug
access-to-training

Anticipating and matching skills needs

Thumbnail

Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions. 

Identifier
skpAFSN
Slug
anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs
Knowledge Products:

Other knowledge products

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpOProduct
Slug
other-knowledge-products
Publication Date:
23 Sep 2019
Cedefop's European skills index (ESI) is a composite indicator that measures the performance of a country’s skills system. The tool makes possible, for the first time, to gauge the relative performance of EU Member State skills systems and, in doing so, contribute to the policy discourse on skills, employment, and growth.
Subject Tags:

Skills anticipation

Slug
skills-anticipation
Identifier
677

Skills mismatch

Slug
skills-mismatch
Identifier
654

Skills upgrading

Slug
skills-upgrading
Identifier
657

Skills utilization

Slug
skills-utilization
Identifier
685
Regions:

Future skills and training: a practical resource to help identify future skills and training

Future skills and training: a practical resource to help identify future skills and training

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Future skills and training: a practical resource to help identify future skills and training
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Employers' organizations

Employers invest in training in order to improve productivity, innovate and adopt new technologies, and compete in changing markets. Case studies and research from individual employers and associations of employers on the Global KSP deal with apprenticeship and workplace skills provision, quality assurance and governance of training institutions, and employers’ roles in anticipating skill needs and in influencing national and sector policies on skills development.

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Identifier
skpEmp
Slug
employers-organizations
Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

Thumbnail

Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions. 

Identifier
skpAFSN
Slug
anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs

Participation of employers' and workers' organizations

Thumbnail

The world of learning and the world of work are separate but linked. While one involves learning, the other produces goods and services. Neither can thrive without the other. Strong partnerships between government, employers and workers help ensure the relevance of training to the changing needs of enterprises and labour markets. 

Identifier
skpPSP
Slug
participation-of-employers-and-workers-organizations

Training quality and relevance

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpTrainQR
Slug
training-quality-and-relevance
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
23 Sep 2019
This resource is intended to stimulate discussion amongst Industry Reference Committees (IRCs) in considering future changes to Training Packages. In addition, broader VET stakeholders will find it useful for preparing their particular sectors to meet the future skills needs of business, learners and workers.
Subject Tags:

Skills and training policy

Slug
skills-and-training-policy
Identifier
666

Skills anticipation

Slug
skills-anticipation
Identifier
677

Skills upgrading

Slug
skills-upgrading
Identifier
657

Skills utilization

Slug
skills-utilization
Identifier
685

Vocational training

Slug
vocational-training
Identifier
124
Regions:
Countries and territories:

A multiplicity of skills is needed to succeed

A multiplicity of skills is needed to succeed

Type:
Document
Content Type:
A multiplicity of skills is needed to succeed
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpIntOrg
Slug
international-organizations
Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

Thumbnail

Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions. 

Identifier
skpAFSN
Slug
anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs
Knowledge Products:

Promotional material

Presentations, discussion papers, meeting reports, promotional materials, videos, fact sheets, brochures and newsletters on skills development for employment.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpAIM
Slug
promotional-material
Publication Date:
18 Sep 2019
A skilled workforce is crucial to countries’ economic transformation. It enables firms to move up the value chain, adapt to economic changes, and adopt and spur innovation, while allowing workers to move out of low-productivity activities—and earn more in their jobs. The demand for skills is rapidly changing. Digital technologies are leading to automation of routine tasks and transforming or destroying jobs focused on routine and manual tasks. To accelerate economic transformation, countries need to make smart investments in skills development aimed at three policy goals: productivity growth, inclusion, and adaptability of both individuals and economies.
Subject Tags:

Skills and training policy

Slug
skills-and-training-policy
Identifier
666

Skills anticipation

Slug
skills-anticipation
Identifier
677

Skills re-training

Slug
skills-re-training
Identifier
655

Skills upgrading

Slug
skills-upgrading
Identifier
657
Regions:

OECD Skills Strategy 2019. Skills to Shape a Better Future

OECD Skills Strategy 2019. Skills to Shape a Better Future

Type:
Document
Content Type:
OECD Skills Strategy 2019. Skills to Shape a Better Future
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpIntOrg
Slug
international-organizations
Topics:

Access to training

Thumbnail

Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.  

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business. 
 

Identifier
skpATSU
Slug
access-to-training

Anticipating and matching skills needs

Thumbnail

Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions. 

Identifier
skpAFSN
Slug
anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
12 Aug 2019
The OECD Skills Strategy provides a strategic and comprehensive approach for ensuring that people and countries have the skills to thrive in a complex, interconnected and rapidly changing world. The updated 2019 OECD Skills Strategy takes account of the lessons learned from applying the original skills strategy in 11 countries since 2012, while also incorporating new OECD evidence about the skills implications of megatrends, such as globalisation, digitalisation, population ageing, and migration. The Strategy also incorporates new learning from across the OECD about skills policies that work in these three broad components: developing relevant skills over the life course, using skills effectively in work and society, and strengthening the governance of skills systems.

https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264313835-en
Subject Tags:

Skills and training policy

Slug
skills-and-training-policy
Identifier
666

Skills anticipation

Slug
skills-anticipation
Identifier
677

Skills indicators

Slug
skills-indicators
Identifier
653

Skills mismatch

Slug
skills-mismatch
Identifier
654

Skills upgrading

Slug
skills-upgrading
Identifier
657

Skills utilization

Slug
skills-utilization
Identifier
685
Regions:

Employers, Businesses and Skills

Employers, Businesses and Skills

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Employers, Businesses and Skills
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

ILO

The International Labour Organization is the tripartite U.N. agency that promotes Decent Work through employment, social security, labour standards and social dialogue. Its work on skills development is guided by the conceptual framework on Skills to improve productivity, employment growth, and development agreed in 2008 by representatives of Governments, Employers’ Associations and Workers’ Associations. Research, policy advice, and pilot projects and technical cooperation programmes to apply good practices in different circumstances across its 185 member States aims to boost the employability of workers, the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, and the inclusiveness of economic growth. The ILO Secretariat in offices in 40 countries works with Ministries of Labour, employers’ organizations, and trade unions to integrate skills development into national and sector development strategies in order to better meet current labour market needs and to prepare for the jobs of the future; to expand access to employment-related training so that youth, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are better able to acquire skills and secure productive and decent work; and to improve the ability of public employment services to provide career guidance, maintain labour exchange services, and deliver active labour market programmes.For more information regarding the ILO’s work on skills and employability go to: http://www.ilo.org/skills/lang--en/index.htm; for ILO/Cinterfor's Knowledge Management Plarform, see: http://www.oitcinterfor.org

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpILO
Slug
ilo
Topics:

Participation of employers' and workers' organizations

Thumbnail

The world of learning and the world of work are separate but linked. While one involves learning, the other produces goods and services. Neither can thrive without the other. Strong partnerships between government, employers and workers help ensure the relevance of training to the changing needs of enterprises and labour markets. 

Identifier
skpPSP
Slug
participation-of-employers-and-workers-organizations
Knowledge Products:

Promotional material

Presentations, discussion papers, meeting reports, promotional materials, videos, fact sheets, brochures and newsletters on skills development for employment.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpAIM
Slug
promotional-material
Publication Date:
09 Aug 2019
This leaflet presents Skills for Employment Global Knowledge-Sharing Platform and some of the benefits that employers in particular can derive from it.
Subject Tags:

Employers

Slug
employers
Identifier
672

Skills and training policy

Slug
skills-and-training-policy
Identifier
666

Skills upgrading

Slug
skills-upgrading
Identifier
657
Regions:

UNESCO-UNEVOC Skills for Innovation Hubs Launch Meeting summary

UNESCO-UNEVOC Skills for Innovation Hubs Launch Meeting summary

Type:
Document
Content Type:
UNESCO-UNEVOC Skills for Innovation Hubs Launch Meeting summary
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpIntOrg
Slug
international-organizations
Topics:

Access to training

Thumbnail

Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.  

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business. 
 

Identifier
skpATSU
Slug
access-to-training

Anticipating and matching skills needs

Thumbnail

Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions. 

Identifier
skpAFSN
Slug
anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs
Knowledge Products:

Other knowledge products

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpOProduct
Slug
other-knowledge-products
Publication Date:
28 May 2019
The UNESCO-UNEVOC Skills for Innovation Hubs is part of the initiative 'Developing TVET institutions for entrepreneurship, innovation and sustainability' implemented by UNESCO since 2017 and is supported by the International Vocational Education City (IVEC) China, with contributions from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) This report captures the key conclusions and action points from the Skills for Innovation Hubs (i-hubs) initiative Launch Meeting, held at UNESCO-UNEVOC in Bonn, Germany, 28-29 March 2019. The agenda, presentations and the participant contact details can be found through links in the annex and on the ‘i-hubs Virtual Platform’. The meeting was attended by representatives from the ten selected i-hubs UNEVOC Centres, together with participants from UNESCO HQ and field offices, as well as UNEVOC staff and experts and staff of the European Training Foundation.
Subject Tags:

Skills and training policy

Slug
skills-and-training-policy
Identifier
666

Skills anticipation

Slug
skills-anticipation
Identifier
677

Skills recognition

Slug
skills-recognition
Identifier
656

Skills upgrading

Slug
skills-upgrading
Identifier
657

Vocational training

Slug
vocational-training
Identifier
124
Regions: