Skills and training policy

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skills-and-training-policy

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666

Skills for trade and economic diversification: A practical guide

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Skills for trade and economic diversification: A practical guide

Language:

The International Labour Organization is the tripartite U.N. agency that promotes Decent Work through employment, social security, labour standards and social dialogue. Its work on skills development is guided by the conceptual framework on Skills to improve productivity, employment growth, and development agreed in 2008 by representatives of Governments, Employers’ Associations and Workers’ Associations. Research, policy advice, and pilot projects and technical cooperation programmes to apply good practices in different circumstances across its 185 member States aims to boost the employability of workers, the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, and the inclusiveness of economic growth. The ILO Secretariat in offices in 40 countries works with Ministries of Labour, employers’ organizations, and trade unions to integrate skills development into national and sector development strategies in order to better meet current labour market needs and to prepare for the jobs of the future; to expand access to employment-related training so that youth, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are better able to acquire skills and secure productive and decent work; and to improve the ability of public employment services to provide career guidance, maintain labour exchange services, and deliver active labour market programmes.For more information regarding the ILO’s work on skills and employability go to: http://www.ilo.org/skills/lang--en/index.htm; for ILO/Cinterfor's Knowledge Management Plarform, see: http://www.oitcinterfor.org

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Identifier

skpILO

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ilo

Topics:

Sectoral approaches

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Matching skills to labour market demand requires reliable sectoral and occupational information and institutions that connect employers with training providers. Sector based strategies and institutions have proved effective in engaging all stakeholders in promoting both pre-employment training and life-long learning.

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skpSectApr

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sectoral-approaches

Knowledge Products:

Other knowledge products

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Identifier

skpOProduct

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other-knowledge-products

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues.

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

03 Oct 2016

Open

wcmstest4_182882.pdf

Skills for Trade and Economic Diversification (STED) is part of a larger set of skills anticipation tools with a sectoral focus that the ILO is developing, responding to requests from constituents included in the Conclusions on Skills for Improved Productivity, Employment Growth and Development of the International Labour Conference of 2008 and in line with the G20 Training Strategy for Strong, Sustained and Balanced Drowth developed by the ILO in 2010.

This guide provides practical guidance for technical assistance projects that focus on skills policies in sectors exposed to trade. Based on the experience in four pilot countries (Bangladesh, Kyrgyzstan, the FYR of Macedonia and Ukraine) a six-stage process is presented that is typical for a STED analysis that can inform policy debates and social dialogue and lead towards the formulation of concrete recommendations at the policy, institutional and enterprise level for the design of skills policies that are more effective in anticipating and preparing for new employment opportunities in a context of global competition.

Subject Tags:

Economic growth

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economic-growth

Identifier

166

Sectoral approaches

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sectoral-approaches

Identifier

676

Skills and training policy

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skills-and-training-policy

Identifier

666

Trade

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trade

Identifier

250

Regions:

Global

Accounting for mismatch in low- and middle-income countries: Measurement, magnitudes, and explanations

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Accounting for mismatch in low- and middle-income countries: Measurement, magnitudes, and explanations
													

Language:

English

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english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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skpIntOrg

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international-organizations

Topics:

Access to training

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Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business.

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skpATSU

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access-to-training

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

21 Sep 2016

Open

wcmstest4_182092.pdf

To stimulate economic advancement, low- and middle-income countries need well-educated and trained workforces to fill the types of skilled jobs that drive economic growth. Improving educational quality and attainment and providing better training are all rightly put forth as policy recommendations to leverage economic growth and job creation. However, new findings based on large scale surveys of adult skills from the World Bank Group’s STEP (Skills toward Employment and Productivity) Skills Measurement Program suggest that many workers are overqualified for their current jobs (based on the education those jobs require). The results of this study suggest that countries may not reap as much benefit from their investments in quality education and training if weak job creation leaves workers’ skills underutilized.

Most of the literature on mismatch focuses on higher-income countries and rates of over-education among college graduates. This report uses new STEP Skills Survey data from 12 low- and middle-income countries, representing a range of economic and educational and training climates, to better understand the scope and patterns of education and skills mismatch. STEP collects information not only on workers’ level of education and employment status, but also on the types, frequency, and durations of tasks they carry out at their jobs as well as some of the cognitive skills they use. The study also explores additional factors such as gender, health, career stage, and participation in the informal labor sector that may help explain the degree of mismatch rates. The study’s findings indicate that over-education is common in low and middle income countries with both lower and higher rates of educational attainment. There is also evidence that over-educated tertiary workers do not use all of their skills, potentially wasting valuable human capital and educational resources.

Aimed at policy makers, business and education leaders, and employers, this study suggests that job growth must go hand-in-hand with investments in education and training.

Subject Tags:

Skills and training policy

Slug

skills-and-training-policy

Identifier

666

Skills mismatch

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skills-mismatch

Identifier

654

Regions:

Employment and skills strategies in Saskatchewan and the Yukon, Canada

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Employment and skills strategies in Saskatchewan and the Yukon, Canada

Language:

English

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english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

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Identifier

skpIntOrg

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international-organizations

Topics:

Access to training

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Identifier

skpATSU

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access-to-training

Monitoring and evaluation

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Measuring the outcomes of skills systems, policies and targeted programmes is essential in order to monitor and improve their effectiveness and relevance. Elements of sound assessment processes include: institutions to sustain feedback from employers and trainees; mechanisms to track labour market outcomes of training and systems of accountability that use this information; and, quantitative and qualitative labour market information and its dissemination to all stakeholders.

Identifier

skpPolPer

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monitoring-and-evaluation

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

15 Sep 2016

Open

wcmstest4_181697.pdf

This report looks at a range of local employment and economic development issues in Saskatchewan and the Yukon, Canada, with a focus on indigenous peoples. The report provides a comparative framework to understand the role of the local level in contributing to more and better quality jobs, and practical recommendations to help federal, provincial/territorial, and local policy makers in Canada build effective and sustainable partnerships that join-up efforts across employment, training, and economic development policies. Co-ordinated policies can help workers find suitable jobs, while also stimulating entrepreneurship and productivity, which increases the quality of life and prosperity within a community as well as throughout the country.

DOI: 10.1787/9789264259225-en

Subject Tags:

Skills and training policy

Slug

skills-and-training-policy

Identifier

666

Regions:

Americas

Region Image

Countries and territories:

Canada

National policy on skill development and entrepreneurship 2015

Type:

Document

Content Type:

National policy on skill development and entrepreneurship 2015

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

Governments

Governments hold a wealth of knowledge on skills development, and are increasingly realizing the value of learning from each others’ experiences. Their policy documents, programme evaluations, and research findings contain their experience and ideas on how to better link skills to employment

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Identifier

skpGov

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governments

Topics:

Access to training

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Identifier

skpATSU

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access-to-training

Knowledge Products:

National policies and initiatives

National legislation, policies and initiatives on the issue of training and skills development and the world of work.

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Identifier

skpNatPol

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national-policies-and-initiatives

Publication Date:

15 Sep 2016

Open

wcmstest4_181698.pdf

The National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship 2015 supersedes the policy of 2009. This policy aims to meet the challenge of skilling at scale with speed, standard (quality) and sustainability. It aims to provide an umbrella framework to all skilling activities being carried out within India, to align them to common standards and link skilling with demand centres. In addition to laying down the objectives and expected outcomes, the policy also identifies the overall institutional framework which will act as a vehicle to reach the expected outcomes. The policy links skills development to improved employability and productivity in paving the way forward for inclusive growth in the country. The skill strategy is complemented by specific efforts to promote entrepreneurship in order to create ample opportunities for the skilled workforce.

Subject Tags:

Entrepreneurship

Slug

entrepreneurship

Identifier

182

Financing training

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financing-training

Identifier

673

Skills and training policy

Slug

skills-and-training-policy

Identifier

666

Regions:

Asia and the Pacific

Region Image

Countries and territories:

India

Vocational education and training in Slovakia

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Vocational education and training in Slovakia

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

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Identifier

skpOSource

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other-sources

Topics:

Access to training

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Identifier

skpATSU

Slug

access-to-training

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

Slug

research-papers

Publication Date:

14 Sep 2016

Open

wcmstest4_181695.pdf

The Slovak economy is largely driven by manufacturing and could benefit from more diversification to make it less sensitive to economic shocks, encouraging innovation. Vocational education and training (VET) has traditionally played a strong role, responsible for around two-thirds of graduates at upper secondary level. But qualifications do not always match labour market needs. A ‘dual’ VET scheme was introduced in 2015/16 as one way to address mismatch. First results show greater involvement of employers in VET: it is now in their interest to attract learners and to deliver job-relevant training. The government also intends to promote VET at higher levels to make it more attractive. This publication aims to contribute to better understanding of VET in Slovakia, providing an insight into its main features and highlighting recent VET policy developments.

Subject Tags:

Skills and training policy

Slug

skills-and-training-policy

Identifier

666

TVET systems

Slug

tvet-systems

Identifier

661

Vocational training

Slug

vocational-training

Identifier

124

Regions:

Europe and Central Asia

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Countries and territories:

Regional model competency standards: Agriculture and aquaculture

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Regional model competency standards: Agriculture and aquaculture

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

ILO

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Identifier

skpILO

Slug

ilo

Topics:

Rural employment

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Eight out of 10 of the world’s working poor who live on US $1.25 per day live in rural areas, where many are caught in vulnerable employment, especially in agriculture.Flourishing rural areas are vital to regional and national development. Yet, rural economies tend to face a wide range of challenges that urban areas are more likely to overcome. These include access to transportation, sanitation and health services, and a consumer base in close proximity to support small and medium enterprise development. Women and men working in rural areas also face difficulties associated with a paucity of economic opportunities, under investment, poor infrastructure and public services, including education, and, in many cases, weak governance and underdeveloped markets.

Education, entrepreneurship, and physical and social infrastructure all play an important role in developing rural regions. Skills are central to improving employability and livelihood opportunities, reducing poverty, enhancing productivity and promoting environmentally sustainable development.

Identifier

skpREmpl

Slug

rural-employment

Sectoral approaches

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Identifier

skpSectApr

Slug

sectoral-approaches

Knowledge Products:

Other knowledge products

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Identifier

skpOProduct

Slug

other-knowledge-products

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

Slug

research-papers

Publication Date:

13 Sep 2016

Open

wcmstest4_181681.pdf

National competency standards play an important and increasing role in skills development and recognition in Asia and the Pacific, as they do in many other parts of the world. They are a guide to the range of skills and knowledge required for a whole industry. Competency standards can be flexibly combined into jobs and occupations. They are the common basis for training programmes, skills assessment, and certification in many countries.

Competency standards, when recognized nationally or across a cluster of nations, can form a key component in assisting the mobility of skilled workers. As part of a quality assured system, the assessment of a person’s skills against accepted benchmarks means that those skills can be applied in similar work, and potential employers can feel confident in the level of competency that a worker claims to have. Workers returning from employment in other countries can have the skills they gained working there formally recognized at home. The Regional Model Competency Standards for agriculture and aquaculture constitute a set of benchmarks that define the skills, knowledge and attributes required to perform a work role in the field of agriculture and aquaculture.

Subject Tags:

Agribusiness

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agribusiness

Identifier

223

Agriculture

Slug

agriculture

Identifier

225

Competency based training

Slug

competency-based-training

Identifier

671

Competency standards

Slug

competency-standards

Identifier

642

Skills and training policy

Slug

skills-and-training-policy

Identifier

666

Skills recognition

Slug

skills-recognition

Identifier

656

Regions:

Asia and the Pacific

Region Image

Education for people and planet: Creating sustainable futures for all

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Education for people and planet: Creating sustainable futures for all

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

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Identifier

skpIntOrg

Slug

international-organizations

Topics:

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier

skpTrainQR

Slug

training-quality-and-relevance

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

Slug

research-papers

Publication Date:

13 Sep 2016

Open

wcmstest4_181688.pdf

This report shows the potential for education to propel progress towards all global goals outlined in the new 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs). It also shows that education needs a major transformation to fulfill that potential and meet the current challenges facing humanity and the planet.

Subject Tags:

Lifelong learning

Slug

lifelong-learning

Identifier

400

Skills and training policy

Slug

skills-and-training-policy

Identifier

666

Regions:

Global

Bangladesh: Looking beyond garments - Employment diagnostic study

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Bangladesh: Looking beyond garments - Employment diagnostic study

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

ILO

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Identifier

skpILO

Slug

ilo

Other sources

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Identifier

skpOSource

Slug

other-sources

Topics:

Career guidance and employment services

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Career guidance and counselling, career education and lifelong development of skills for employability are key for success in learning activities, effective career transitions, livelihood planning, entrepreneurship and in increasing labour market participation. They are instrumental in promoting skills utilization, recognition (RPL), as well as in improving enterprise human resource management.

Career development activities encompass a wide variety of support activities including career information and advice, counselling, work exposure (e.g. job shadowing, work experience periods), assessment, coaching, mentoring, professional networking, advocacy, basic and employability skills training (curricular and non-curricular) and entrepreneurship training. It is often an area which is fragmented across different ministries (e.g. education, TVET, employment, youth) requiring an effort to achieve the necessary coordination to provide adequate support to individuals during learning, employment and unemployment/inactivity periods.

Identifier

skpLMIES

Slug

career-guidance-and-employment-services

Sectoral approaches

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Identifier

skpSectApr

Slug

sectoral-approaches

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

Slug

research-papers

Publication Date:

12 Sep 2016

Open

wcmstest4_181481.pdf

While increasing employment opportunities benefits the poor, it is essential to shift workers to more highly productive sectors through structural economic transformation.

Economic growth in Bangladesh, above 6% in most years since the 2000s, has been on the fast track since the 1990s. Not many developing countries, especially the least developed, have been able to achieve this consistently for such a long period. Yet despite the jobs generated in the export-oriented readymade garment industry, the fruits of growth have not been widely shared.

This joint study by the Asian Development Bank and the International Labour Organization examines the nature and magnitude of the employment challenge Bangladesh faces. It looks at the nature of productive employment and its role in transmitting the benefits of growth into incomes for the poor, thus reducing poverty. It also examines the importance of overseas employment, changing gender roles in employment in Bangladesh, quality of education, and skills development.

Subject Tags:

Skills and training policy

Slug

skills-and-training-policy

Identifier

666

Skills mismatch

Slug

skills-mismatch

Identifier

654

Women

Slug

women

Identifier

318

Regions:

Asia and the Pacific

Region Image

Countries and territories:

Bangladesh

Bangladesh has a strong track record of growth and development, even in times of elevated global uncertainty. A robust demographic dividend, strong ready-made garment exports, resilient remittance inflows, and stable macroeconomic conditions have supported rapid economic growth over the past two decades. A strong recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic continued in FY22, although a recent surge in commodity prices has presented new headwinds.

Bangladesh reached lower-middle income status in 2015. It is on track to graduate from the UN’s Least Developed Countries list in 2026. Poverty declined from 43.5 percent in 1991 to 14.3 percent in 2016, based on the international poverty line of $1.90 a day (1).

Like many of its Asian neighbours, Bangladesh faces a major challenge trying to develop modern, employability skills for tens of millions of young women and men. It has a large informal sector, which accounts for 94.7 percent of the total employment in 2017 (2). Youth continue to be highly affected by the lack of opportunities, with the share of youth aged 15-24 not in employment, education or training (NEET), estimated at 27.8 percent in 2020 (3).

TVET has a huge role to play in equipping the vast young labour force of 15-29 years referred to as the country’s “demographic dividend” with employability skills and providing enhanced support services to ensure a better transition from school to work. TVET may also contribute to reducing poverty by providing employability skills, particularly to those who drop out of school early and to a large number of unemployed and underemployed adults.

Despite many reform initiatives by the government, the TVET sector needs further strengthening through reform of policies and systems in the labour market. Enhancing industry-relevance of TVET qualifications will furthermore require closer Government cooperation with the private sector. For one and a half decade, the ILO has worked closely with the Government of Bangladesh and its Social Partners to reform the TVET sector and to improve access for people to increase their skills and employability, in particular youth, women and people from other marginalized groups.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic had detrimental effects on the TVET sector, due to the nation-wide closure of all educational institutes for one and a half years, starting on 17 March 2020. Most students’ learning was effectively abolished for this duration, and learning and certification was only possible through limited online learning facilities in existence at the time. Only recently has the TVET returned to its prior activity level.

The ILO landmark programmes aim to strengthen and improve the environment for industry skills development, address the mismatch between the supply and demand for skills training, and drive the increased employability of millions of young women and men. ILO’s support to develop the skills system in Bangladesh has focused on skills system governance, development of skills policies and qualifications frameworks; delivery of quality skills training, expanding access to TVET, and involvement by the private sector.

Sources

(1) https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bangladesh/overview

(2) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/informality/

(3) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/youth/

Country Assessment and Priority (CAP) – Bangladesh strategy for skills and lifelong learning (2022)

Situation Analysis of Bangladesh TVET Sector (2019) https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—asia/—ro-bangkok/—ilo-dhaka/documents/publication/wcms_735704.pdf_

Mexico: Policy priorities to upgrade the skills and knowledge of Mexicans for greater productivity and innovation

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Mexico: Policy priorities to upgrade the skills and knowledge of Mexicans for greater productivity and innovation 
													

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

Thumbnail

Identifier

skpIntOrg

Slug

international-organizations

Topics:

Monitoring and evaluation

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Identifier

skpPolPer

Slug

monitoring-and-evaluation

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier

skpTrainQR

Slug

training-quality-and-relevance

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

Slug

research-papers

Publication Date:

07 Sep 2016

Open

wcmstest4_181281.pdf

'Better Policies' Series In recent years, Mexico has distinguished itself for having a solid macroeconomic framework with low inflation and strong openness to international markets. This has increased the country’s attractiveness as a destination for international investment, which is increasingly flowing into high value-added sectors. Since recently, Mexico hosts a large number of modern firms, notably in the sectors of aerospace, automobiles, foods and beverages, which employ high-skilled and well-educated workers. But other parts of the economy are characterised by high informality, low-skilled work, weak productivity and out-of-date technologies. As a result, the Mexican economy experienced a prolonged growth slowdown during the past three decades, leaving it behind other OECD countries and hurting the population’s relative living standards. This document explores Mexico’s education and skills priorities with regard to informality and provides some recommendations.

Subject Tags:

Economic growth

Slug

economic-growth

Identifier

166

Human resources development

Slug

human-resources-development

Identifier

118

Informal economy

Slug

informal-economy

Identifier

187

Skills and training policy

Slug

skills-and-training-policy

Identifier

666

Regions:

Americas

Region Image

Countries and territories:

Mexico

Digital talent: Road to 2020 and beyond

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Digital talent: Road to 2020 and beyond

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

Employers' organizations

Employers invest in training in order to improve productivity, innovate and adopt new technologies, and compete in changing markets. Case studies and research from individual employers and associations of employers on the Global KSP deal with apprenticeship and workplace skills provision, quality assurance and governance of training institutions, and employers’ roles in anticipating skill needs and in influencing national and sector policies on skills development.

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Identifier

skpEmp

Slug

employers-organizations

Other sources

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Identifier

skpOSource

Slug

other-sources

Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

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Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions.

Identifier

skpAFSN

Slug

anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

Slug

research-papers

Publication Date:

02 Sep 2016

Open

wcmstest4_180909.pdf

A national strategy to develop Canada’s talent in a global digital economy. This report contextualizes Canada’s digital landscape and labour market needs by 2020. It provides an in-depth strategy with practical recommendations that will build Canada’s digital talent base, for today and the future, in an increasingly global and digital landscape. Developed through extensive research, and consultations with industry, education and policy makers across Canada, the strategy targets all sectors that include ICT in their practices and depend on a strong tech-savvy workforce.

Subject Tags: