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Union for the Mediterranean regional employability review: The challenge of youth employment in the Mediterranean

Union for the Mediterranean regional employability review: The challenge of youth employment in the Mediterranean

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Union for the Mediterranean regional employability review: The challenge of youth employment in the Mediterranean
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Bilateral organizations

The development agencies of many countries make skills development a pillar of their Official Development Assistance – from the perspective of education systems, employment promotion, poverty reduction, and private sector development. Documentation of their experience, evaluations and impact assessments, mission statements, and other knowledge products are made available through the Global KSP.

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Identifier
skpBiOrg
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bilateral-organizations
Topics:

Youth employability

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Globally, nearly 68 million young women and men are looking for and available for work,  and an estimated 123 million young people are working but living in poverty. The number who are not in employment, education or training (NEET) stands at 267 million, a majority of whom are young women. Significantly, young people are three times as likely as adults (25 years and older) to be unemployed.

Skills development is a primary means of enabling young people to make a smooth transition to work. A comprehensive approach is required to integrate young women and men in the labour market, including relevant and quality skills training, labour market information, career guidance and employment services, recognition of prior learning, incorporating entrepreneurship with training and effective skills forecasting. Improved basic education and core work skills are particularly important to enable youth to engage in lifelong learning as well as transition to the labour market. 

Identifier
skpYoEmp
Slug
youth-employability
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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Identifier
skpRPS
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research-papers
Publication Date:
04 Jul 2013
The report focuses on the issue of youth and female employment and employability in 14 Mediterranean countries. Employability is a complex concept and a transversal issue, encompassing all initial education and knowledge, skills, experience and intercultural competences required to succeed in the labour market. Hence, it depends on many different factors: human capital education and training, but also socioeconomic and personal factors, macroeconomic perspectives and labour demand, and the institutional determinants of the job search and matching processes. All these factors are analysed throughout the report.

The paper reviews the initiatives that have already been implemented in different countries to enhance youth employability and concludes with some elements for an agenda for national employability policies and Euro-Mediterranean cooperation.

Skills development for the informal economy: Issues and options in vocational education and training in the Southern partner countries of the European Neighbourhood Policy

Skills development for the informal economy: Issues and options in vocational education and training in the Southern partner countries of the European Neighbourhood Policy

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Skills development for the informal economy: Issues and options in vocational education and training in the Southern partner countries of the European Neighbourhood Policy
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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Identifier
skpIntOrg
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international-organizations

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

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Identifier
skpOSource
Slug
other-sources
Topics:

Access to training

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Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.  

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business. 
 

Identifier
skpATSU
Slug
access-to-training

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier
skpTrainQR
Slug
training-quality-and-relevance
Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice. 

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Identifier
skpCaseStdy
Slug
case-studies-and-good-practices

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
03 Jul 2013
In its cooperation with partner countries outside the European Union, the European Commission has long been concerned with the development of human resources. Since 1995, the European Union has supported much needed reforms in technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in most Mediterranean partner countries through multiple projects.

The report focuses on nine Mediterranean countries which, while differing in many ways, also share characteristics. They all made major efforts in broadening access to education and training, but the gains thereof in terms of widespread income improvements are yet to materialize. Most countries have severe problems in balancing labour supply and demand. Their labour force participation rates are lower and their unemployment rates are higher than those of most countries outside the region. They all have significant and growing informal economies in which currently between 30 and 60 per cent of the labour force try and make a living without being covered by formal arrangements such as foreseen in regulation and legislation.

The report reviews what the countries in MENA region do to overcome informality at work and skill deficits. It provides policy recommendations for boosting skills of the working poor and integrating these measures into broader human development strategies.
Subject Tags:

Informal economy

Slug
informal-economy
Identifier
187

Vocational training

Slug
vocational-training
Identifier
124

Working poor

Slug
working-poor
Identifier
150
Regions:

Africa

Region Image

Arab States

Region Image

Technical and vocational education and training in Jordan: Areas for development cooperation

Technical and vocational education and training in Jordan: Areas for development cooperation

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Technical and vocational education and training in Jordan: Areas for development cooperation
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Bilateral organizations

The development agencies of many countries make skills development a pillar of their Official Development Assistance – from the perspective of education systems, employment promotion, poverty reduction, and private sector development. Documentation of their experience, evaluations and impact assessments, mission statements, and other knowledge products are made available through the Global KSP.

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Identifier
skpBiOrg
Slug
bilateral-organizations
Topics:

Financing of training

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Initial education and training and lifelong learning benefit individuals, employers and society as a whole. Economic principles dictate that the costs for services with public and private benefits should be shared between public and private funding, or else too little training will be provided or taken up. Effective mechanisms for financing skills development vary according to countries’ economic and political circumstances and the degree and level of social dialogue established.

Identifier
skpFinanT
Slug
financing-training
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
27 Jun 2013
This report aims at assessing the system of vocational education and training (TVET) in Jordan. It identifyes the main challenges and suggests priorities for external cooperation. More specifically, the report seeks to assess the status of readiness for undertaking a Sector Policy Support Programme in TVET using a sector-wide approach.
Subject Tags:

Financing training

Slug
financing-training
Identifier
673

TVET systems

Slug
tvet-systems
Identifier
661

Vocational training

Slug
vocational-training
Identifier
124
Regions:

Arab States

Region Image
Countries and territories:

Non-public provision of active labor market programs in Arab- Mediterranean countries: An inventory of youth programs

Non-public provision of active labor market programs in Arab- Mediterranean countries: An inventory of youth programs

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Non-public provision of active labor market programs in Arab- Mediterranean countries: An inventory of youth programs
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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Identifier
skpIntOrg
Slug
international-organizations
Topics:

Monitoring and evaluation

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Measuring the outcomes of skills systems, policies and targeted programmes is essential in order to monitor and improve their effectiveness and relevance. Elements of sound assessment processes include: institutions to sustain feedback from employers and trainees; mechanisms to track labour market outcomes of training and systems of accountability that use this information; and, quantitative and qualitative labour market information and its dissemination to all stakeholders.

Identifier
skpPolPer
Slug
monitoring-and-evaluation

Youth employability

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Globally, nearly 68 million young women and men are looking for and available for work,  and an estimated 123 million young people are working but living in poverty. The number who are not in employment, education or training (NEET) stands at 267 million, a majority of whom are young women. Significantly, young people are three times as likely as adults (25 years and older) to be unemployed.

Skills development is a primary means of enabling young people to make a smooth transition to work. A comprehensive approach is required to integrate young women and men in the labour market, including relevant and quality skills training, labour market information, career guidance and employment services, recognition of prior learning, incorporating entrepreneurship with training and effective skills forecasting. Improved basic education and core work skills are particularly important to enable youth to engage in lifelong learning as well as transition to the labour market. 

Identifier
skpYoEmp
Slug
youth-employability
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
30 Apr 2013
This note presents and analyzes the main design features of an inventory of non-publicly provided Active Labor Market Programs (ALMPs) in Arab-Mediterranean Countries (AMCs), with a specific focus on programs targeted at youth. Despite considerable international evidence, there is little systematic analysis on the effectiveness of ALMPs in AMCs as most programs and investments remain largely un-assessed. Since most AMCs lack unemployment insurance systems or other safety nets for the unemployed, ALMPs constitute a relevant instrument to address the consequences of labor market frictions, such as high unemployment and slow school-to-work transition. Programs from nine countries are included in the inventory: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, West Bank and Gaza, and Yemen. Benchmarked against international best practices, assessment of the programs covered in the inventory reveals that the majority lack the necessary mix of design features that make programs effective. These findings call for urgent reforms in program design and delivery, especially given the sizeable financial investments in programs and the urgency to improve labor market outcomes among youth. This policy note constitutes a first step towards understanding and assessing provision of ALMPs in the Middle East and North Africa region and intends to provide policy makers and financiers with options for reform to enhance efficiency of existing programs and improve the design of future interventions. In addition to specific aspects of program design and implementation, stakeholder coordination needs to be strengthened and put at the forefront of ALMP reform.
Subject Tags:

Entrepreneurship

Slug
entrepreneurship
Identifier
182

School-to-work transition

Slug
school-to-work-transition
Identifier
652

Skills mismatch

Slug
skills-mismatch
Identifier
654

Youth unemployment

Slug
youth-unemployment
Identifier
622
Regions:

Africa

Region Image

Arab States

Region Image

Public employment services in the Middle East and North Africa

Public employment services in the Middle East and North Africa

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Public employment services in the Middle East and North Africa
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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Identifier
skpIntOrg
Slug
international-organizations
Topics:

Career guidance and employment services

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Career guidance and counselling, career education and lifelong development of skills for employability are key for success in learning activities, effective career transitions, livelihood planning, entrepreneurship and in increasing labour market participation. They are instrumental in promoting skills utilization, recognition (RPL), as well as in improving enterprise human resource management.

Career development activities encompass a wide variety of support activities including career information and advice, counselling, work exposure (e.g. job shadowing, work experience periods), assessment, coaching, mentoring, professional networking, advocacy, basic and employability skills training (curricular and non-curricular) and entrepreneurship training. It is often an area which is fragmented across different ministries (e.g. education, TVET, employment, youth) requiring an effort to achieve the necessary coordination to provide adequate support to individuals during learning, employment and unemployment/inactivity periods.
 

Identifier
skpLMIES
Slug
career-guidance-and-employment-services
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

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Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
15 Apr 2013
This study provides an institutional assessment of Public Employment Services (PES) in a selected group of countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and compiles an inventory of the programs they provide. Data included in this study were collected through faceto- face interviews with officers from the national PES in Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt, Yemen, Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan between January 2010 and June 2011. Results indicate the PES in a typical MENA country faces a number of severe problems: it lacks proper funding, is understaffed, and is heavily constrained by a fragmented network of micro-credit and training institutions. Moreover, many PES in the region operate in a very difficult environment of demand-deficient labor markets, double-digit unemployment rates, and high rates of informal employment. According to the data collected, most PES in the region provide a variety of programs, such as training, entrepreneurship promotion, direct job creation (i.e. public works), and employment incentives (such as wage subsidies). Labor intermediation remains largely undeveloped while in-class vocational training continues to be the main type of program provided by PES in MENA (targeting mainly high-skilled unemployed youth). Nevertheless, in recent years, many PES in MENA have scaled-up entrepreneurship and employment incentive programs. Most PES in the region do not have access to labor market information systems, to results-based monitoring, and/or to scientific methods for program evaluation. As such, despite important investments and a variety of services provided, the impact of most employment programs provided by PES in MENA remains largely un-assessed.
Subject Tags:

Entrepreneurship

Slug
entrepreneurship
Identifier
182

School-to-work transition

Slug
school-to-work-transition
Identifier
652

Youth

Slug
youth
Identifier
319
Regions:

Africa

Region Image

Arab States

Region Image

Jordan: The E-TVET Strategy

Jordan: The E-TVET Strategy

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Jordan: The E-TVET Strategy
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Governments

Governments hold a wealth of knowledge on skills development, and are increasingly realizing the value of learning from each others’ experiences. Their policy documents, programme evaluations, and research findings contain their experience and ideas on how to better link skills to employment

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Identifier
skpGov
Slug
governments
Topics:

Access to training

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Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.  

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business. 
 

Identifier
skpATSU
Slug
access-to-training

Financing of training

Thumbnail

Initial education and training and lifelong learning benefit individuals, employers and society as a whole. Economic principles dictate that the costs for services with public and private benefits should be shared between public and private funding, or else too little training will be provided or taken up. Effective mechanisms for financing skills development vary according to countries’ economic and political circumstances and the degree and level of social dialogue established.

Identifier
skpFinanT
Slug
financing-training

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier
skpTrainQR
Slug
training-quality-and-relevance
Knowledge Products:

National policies and initiatives

National legislation, policies and initiatives on the issue of training and skills development and the world of work. 

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Identifier
skpNatPol
Slug
national-policies-and-initiatives
Publication Date:
19 Mar 2013
The E-TVET Strategy sets the following targets in TVET:
1. Adopt a two-pillar approach in planning for employment and TVET considering (1) the characteristics and needs of the labour market, and (2) the abilities and needs of the trainees;
2. Develop the capacity of TVET agencies in line with their roles in planning, policy design, and resource development, as well as activities related to follow-up, monitoring, evaluation and networking;
3. Diversify the number and type of TVET providers and ensure their coordination and cooperation;
4. Promote women's participation in TVET and encourage their involvement at the planning and executive level;
5. Encourage media’s promotion of TVET as a way of enhancing positive attitudes towards vocational and technical professions and towards women's participation in TVET training and employment;
6. Initiate, institutionalize and upgrade channels between the demand and supply side of TVET - including legislation; information and resource development systems; occupational classification and standards; career counselling and employment services, etc.;
7. Promote TVET research by cooperating with universities and other TVET stakeholders;
8. Consider and apply international best practices in TVET with the objective of developing national planning capabilities;
9. Develop legislative tools and create an adequate legal framework for TVET;
10. Develop organizational structures that link general education and TVET allowing for greater flexibility of the TVET system;
11. Highlight and promote women’s role in TVET;
12. Establish the Higher Council for Human Resources Development to undertake responsibilities related to planning, police-making, and coordination of human resource development (HRD) at the national level;
13. Establish the E-TVET Council to undertake activities related to planning, policy-making and coordination for employment and TVET at the national level.
Subject Tags:

Financing training

Slug
financing-training
Identifier
673

Human resources development

Slug
human-resources-development
Identifier
118

Vocational training

Slug
vocational-training
Identifier
124

Women

Slug
women
Identifier
318
Regions:

Arab States

Region Image
Countries and territories:

Good practices on youth employment initiative

Good practices on youth employment initiative

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Good practices on youth employment initiative
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

ILO

The International Labour Organization is the tripartite U.N. agency that promotes Decent Work through employment, social security, labour standards and social dialogue. Its work on skills development is guided by the conceptual framework on Skills to improve productivity, employment growth, and development agreed in 2008 by representatives of Governments, Employers’ Associations and Workers’ Associations. Research, policy advice, and pilot projects and technical cooperation programmes to apply good practices in different circumstances across its 185 member States aims to boost the employability of workers, the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, and the inclusiveness of economic growth. The ILO Secretariat in offices in 40 countries works with Ministries of Labour, employers’ organizations, and trade unions to integrate skills development into national and sector development strategies in order to better meet current labour market needs and to prepare for the jobs of the future; to expand access to employment-related training so that youth, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are better able to acquire skills and secure productive and decent work; and to improve the ability of public employment services to provide career guidance, maintain labour exchange services, and deliver active labour market programmes.For more information regarding the ILO’s work on skills and employability go to: http://www.ilo.org/skills/lang--en/index.htm; for ILO/Cinterfor's Knowledge Management Plarform, see: http://www.oitcinterfor.org

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Identifier
skpILO
Slug
ilo
Topics:

Rural employment

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Eight out of 10 of the world’s working poor who live on US $1.25 per day live in rural areas, where many are caught in vulnerable employment, especially in agriculture.Flourishing rural areas are vital to regional and national development. Yet, rural economies tend to face a wide range of challenges that urban areas are more likely to overcome. These include access to transportation, sanitation and health services, and a consumer base in close proximity to support small and medium enterprise development. Women and men working in rural areas also face difficulties associated with a paucity of economic opportunities, under investment, poor infrastructure and public services, including education, and, in many cases, weak governance and underdeveloped markets.

Education, entrepreneurship, and physical and social infrastructure all play an important role in developing rural regions. Skills are central to improving employability and livelihood opportunities, reducing poverty, enhancing productivity and promoting environmentally sustainable development.

Identifier
skpREmpl
Slug
rural-employment

Youth employability

Thumbnail

Globally, nearly 68 million young women and men are looking for and available for work,  and an estimated 123 million young people are working but living in poverty. The number who are not in employment, education or training (NEET) stands at 267 million, a majority of whom are young women. Significantly, young people are three times as likely as adults (25 years and older) to be unemployed.

Skills development is a primary means of enabling young people to make a smooth transition to work. A comprehensive approach is required to integrate young women and men in the labour market, including relevant and quality skills training, labour market information, career guidance and employment services, recognition of prior learning, incorporating entrepreneurship with training and effective skills forecasting. Improved basic education and core work skills are particularly important to enable youth to engage in lifelong learning as well as transition to the labour market. 

Identifier
skpYoEmp
Slug
youth-employability
Knowledge Products:

Promotional material

Presentations, discussion papers, meeting reports, promotional materials, videos, fact sheets, brochures and newsletters on skills development for employment.

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Identifier
skpAIM
Slug
promotional-material
Publication Date:
13 Dec 2012
The Good Practices on Youth Employment Initiative aims to identify and share practices that have proven to be effective in promoting decent work for young people, both locally and nationally. Additionally, it seeks to gather programmes that can be replicated throughout the world. The programmes are analysed on 6 levels: (i) relevance, (ii) efficiency, (iii) coherency, (iv) novelty, (v) sustainability and (vi) replicability.
Subject Tags:

Rural development

Slug
rural-development
Identifier
152

Rural employment

Slug
rural-employment
Identifier
670

Vocational training

Slug
vocational-training
Identifier
124

Youth unemployment

Slug
youth-unemployment
Identifier
622
Regions:

Africa

Region Image

Americas

Region Image

Arab States

Region Image

Jordan: National Agenda 2006 - 2015

Jordan: National Agenda 2006 - 2015

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Jordan: National Agenda 2006 - 2015
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Governments

Governments hold a wealth of knowledge on skills development, and are increasingly realizing the value of learning from each others’ experiences. Their policy documents, programme evaluations, and research findings contain their experience and ideas on how to better link skills to employment

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpGov
Slug
governments
Topics:

Access to training

Thumbnail

Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.  

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business. 
 

Identifier
skpATSU
Slug
access-to-training

Training quality and relevance

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpTrainQR
Slug
training-quality-and-relevance
Knowledge Products:

National policies and initiatives

National legislation, policies and initiatives on the issue of training and skills development and the world of work. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpNatPol
Slug
national-policies-and-initiatives
Publication Date:
07 Dec 2012
Development of the National Agenda represents a milestone in efforts to build a modern Jordan and address challenges facing the country. It stands as a unique, holistic and inclusive approach that aims primarily to improve the quality of life for Jordanians, build a strong economy, guarantee basic freedoms and human rights and strengthen democracy and cultural and political pluralism. The National Agenda places high priority on the development of human resources, in order to upgrade the production base and expand development benefits. The National Agenda goals and targets center around eight themes. They include: Political development and inclusion; justice and legislation; investment development; financial services and fiscal reform; employment support and vocational training; social welfare; education, higher education, scientific research and innovation; and, infrastructure upgrade.
Subject Tags:

Human resources development

Slug
human-resources-development
Identifier
118

Vocational training

Slug
vocational-training
Identifier
124
Regions:

Arab States

Region Image
Countries and territories:

Review of policies to strengthen skills-employment linkages for marginalised young people

Review of policies to strengthen skills-employment linkages for marginalised young people

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Review of policies to strengthen skills-employment linkages for marginalised young people
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpIntOrg
Slug
international-organizations
Topics:

Access to training

Thumbnail

Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.  

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business. 
 

Identifier
skpATSU
Slug
access-to-training

Financing of training

Thumbnail

Initial education and training and lifelong learning benefit individuals, employers and society as a whole. Economic principles dictate that the costs for services with public and private benefits should be shared between public and private funding, or else too little training will be provided or taken up. Effective mechanisms for financing skills development vary according to countries’ economic and political circumstances and the degree and level of social dialogue established.

Identifier
skpFinanT
Slug
financing-training

Monitoring and evaluation

Thumbnail

Measuring the outcomes of skills systems, policies and targeted programmes is essential in order to monitor and improve their effectiveness and relevance. Elements of sound assessment processes include: institutions to sustain feedback from employers and trainees; mechanisms to track labour market outcomes of training and systems of accountability that use this information; and, quantitative and qualitative labour market information and its dissemination to all stakeholders.

Identifier
skpPolPer
Slug
monitoring-and-evaluation

Rural employment

Thumbnail

Eight out of 10 of the world’s working poor who live on US $1.25 per day live in rural areas, where many are caught in vulnerable employment, especially in agriculture.Flourishing rural areas are vital to regional and national development. Yet, rural economies tend to face a wide range of challenges that urban areas are more likely to overcome. These include access to transportation, sanitation and health services, and a consumer base in close proximity to support small and medium enterprise development. Women and men working in rural areas also face difficulties associated with a paucity of economic opportunities, under investment, poor infrastructure and public services, including education, and, in many cases, weak governance and underdeveloped markets.

Education, entrepreneurship, and physical and social infrastructure all play an important role in developing rural regions. Skills are central to improving employability and livelihood opportunities, reducing poverty, enhancing productivity and promoting environmentally sustainable development.

Identifier
skpREmpl
Slug
rural-employment

Training quality and relevance

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpTrainQR
Slug
training-quality-and-relevance

Youth employability

Thumbnail

Globally, nearly 68 million young women and men are looking for and available for work,  and an estimated 123 million young people are working but living in poverty. The number who are not in employment, education or training (NEET) stands at 267 million, a majority of whom are young women. Significantly, young people are three times as likely as adults (25 years and older) to be unemployed.

Skills development is a primary means of enabling young people to make a smooth transition to work. A comprehensive approach is required to integrate young women and men in the labour market, including relevant and quality skills training, labour market information, career guidance and employment services, recognition of prior learning, incorporating entrepreneurship with training and effective skills forecasting. Improved basic education and core work skills are particularly important to enable youth to engage in lifelong learning as well as transition to the labour market. 

Identifier
skpYoEmp
Slug
youth-employability
Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpCaseStdy
Slug
case-studies-and-good-practices

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
06 Dec 2012
Background paper prepared for the Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2012 There is evidence for a growing mismatch between labour market demands and the skills young people acquire in school and training programmes in countries throughout the developing world. This report examines what type of policies and programmes are advocated in key strategy documents for 46 developing countries in the Middle East, North Africa, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa with a focus on skills development needs of disadvantaged young people, and particularly those living in rural areas. Four countries - Bangladesh, Jordan, Sierra Leone and Ethiopia – have been selected for an in-depth assessment of their plans. Training systems in these countries are undergoing extensive reforms – both in terms of policies related to skills development of youth, as well as relevant programmes - and governments, donors and civil society organizations appear to be placing an increased focus on addressing the skills-labour market mismatch for disadvantaged youth. The four case studies in this report focus on examining the provision of skills training (including how learning is certified), the financing of skills development programmes, and the governance of these programmes.
Subject Tags:

Apprenticeships

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apprenticeships
Identifier
639

Disadvantaged youth

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disadvantaged-youth
Identifier
663

Employability

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employability
Identifier
643

Financing training

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financing-training
Identifier
673

Informal economy

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informal-economy
Identifier
187

Rural development

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rural-development
Identifier
152

Rural employment

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rural-employment
Identifier
670

School-to-work transition

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school-to-work-transition
Identifier
652

Skills mismatch

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skills-mismatch
Identifier
654

Vocational training

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vocational-training
Identifier
124

Youth unemployment

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youth-unemployment
Identifier
622
Regions:

Africa

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Arab States

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Countries and territories:

Bangladesh

Bangladesh has a strong track record of growth and development, even in times of elevated global uncertainty.  A robust demographic dividend, strong ready-made garment exports, resilient remittance inflows, and stable macroeconomic conditions have supported rapid economic growth over the past two decades. A strong recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic continued in FY22, although a recent surge in commodity prices has presented new headwinds. 

Bangladesh reached lower-middle income status in 2015. It is on track to graduate from the UN’s Least Developed Countries list in 2026. Poverty declined from 43.5 percent in 1991 to 14.3 percent in 2016, based on the international poverty line of $1.90 a day (1).  

Like many of its Asian neighbours, Bangladesh faces a major challenge trying to develop modern, employability skills for tens of millions of young women and men. It has a large informal sector, which accounts for 94.7 percent of the total employment in 2017 (2). Youth continue to be highly affected by the lack of opportunities, with the share of youth aged 15-24 not in employment, education or training (NEET), estimated at 27.8 percent in 2020 (3). 

TVET has a huge role to play in equipping the vast young labour force of 15-29 years referred to as the country’s “demographic dividend” with employability skills and providing enhanced support services to ensure a better transition from school to work. TVET may also contribute to reducing poverty by providing employability skills, particularly to those who drop out of school early and to a large number of unemployed and underemployed adults.  

Despite many reform initiatives by the government, the TVET sector needs further strengthening through reform of policies and systems in the labour market.  Enhancing industry-relevance of TVET qualifications will furthermore require closer Government cooperation with the private sector. For one and a half decade, the ILO has worked closely with the Government of Bangladesh and its Social Partners to reform the TVET sector and to improve access for people to increase their skills and employability, in particular youth, women and people from other marginalized groups. 

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic had detrimental effects on the TVET sector, due to the nation-wide closure of all educational institutes for one and a half years, starting on 17 March 2020.  Most students’ learning was effectively abolished for this duration, and learning and certification was only possible through limited online learning facilities in existence at the time. Only recently has the TVET returned to its prior activity level. 

The ILO landmark programmes aim to strengthen and improve the environment for industry skills development, address the mismatch between the supply and demand for skills training, and drive the increased employability of millions of young women and men. ILO’s support to develop the skills system in Bangladesh has focused on skills system governance, development of skills policies and qualifications frameworks; delivery of quality skills training, expanding access to TVET, and involvement by the private sector.    

 

Sources 

(1) https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bangladesh/overview

(2) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/informality/

(3) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/youth/

Country Assessment and Priority (CAP) – Bangladesh strategy for skills and lifelong learning (2022)

Situation Analysis of Bangladesh TVET Sector (2019) https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—asia/—ro-bangkok/—ilo-dhaka/documents/publication/wcms_735704.pdf_

Project brief: The Adolescent Girls Initiative

Project brief: The Adolescent Girls Initiative

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Project brief: The Adolescent Girls Initiative
Language:

English

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english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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skpIntOrg
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international-organizations
Topics:

Access to training

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Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.  

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business. 
 

Identifier
skpATSU
Slug
access-to-training
Knowledge Products:

Promotional material

Presentations, discussion papers, meeting reports, promotional materials, videos, fact sheets, brochures and newsletters on skills development for employment.

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Identifier
skpAIM
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promotional-material
Publication Date:
23 Nov 2012
In 2008, the World Bank launched the "Adolescent Girls Initiative" to promote the transition of young women from school to productive employment. The program is being piloted in eight low-income countries (Afghanistan, Jordan, Lao PDR, Liberia, Haiti, Nepal, Rwanda, and South Sudan) and is currently reaching some 17,000 girls. Each program is individually tailored to the country context, with a common goal of discovering what works best in programming to help adolescent girls and young women succeed in the labor market. With new knowledge of what works, successful approaches can be replicated and brought to scale.
Subject Tags:

Entrepreneurship

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entrepreneurship
Identifier
182

Lifelong learning

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lifelong-learning
Identifier
400

Vocational training

Slug
vocational-training
Identifier
124

Women

Slug
women
Identifier
318

Youth

Slug
youth
Identifier
319
Regions: