Skip to main content

Skills development in South Asia: Trends in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka

Skills development in South Asia: Trends in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Skills development in South Asia: Trends in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Governments

Governments hold a wealth of knowledge on skills development, and are increasingly realizing the value of learning from each others’ experiences. Their policy documents, programme evaluations, and research findings contain their experience and ideas on how to better link skills to employment

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpGov
Slug
governments

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpOSource
Slug
other-sources
Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

Thumbnail

Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions. 

Identifier
skpAFSN
Slug
anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
22 Jun 2015
A custom research report for British Council by The Economist Intelligence Unit One of the biggest challenges for South Asian countries in coming years is to unlock the latent potential of the millions of young people entering the workforce. The region is poised to benefit from a “demographic dividend”, which could lead to great gains in poverty reduction, employment generation and economic growth. Yet the other possible result is widespread youth unemployment.

In this context, the importance of skills development as a driver of socio-economic development is paramount. Governments have recognised the importance of education and training in this process. There have been notable successes in improved participation rates for primary and secondary education across the region. But youth unemployment and underemployment remain pervasive, despite a growing cohort of educated young workers joining the workforce. As a result, policymakers are now placing greater emphasis on understanding skill gaps in labour markets and developing skills systems geared to address these.

This publication maintains that the potential economic rewards of greater public-sector focus on skills could be immense, though the complexity of the challenge and other competing priorities suggest that such efforts must be targeted, guided by data and evidence, and done in collaboration with the private sector.
Subject Tags:

Skills and training policy

Slug
skills-and-training-policy
Identifier
666

Skills anticipation

Slug
skills-anticipation
Identifier
677
Regions:
Countries and territories:

Bangladesh

Bangladesh has a strong track record of growth and development, even in times of elevated global uncertainty.  A robust demographic dividend, strong ready-made garment exports, resilient remittance inflows, and stable macroeconomic conditions have supported rapid economic growth over the past two decades. A strong recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic continued in FY22, although a recent surge in commodity prices has presented new headwinds. 

Bangladesh reached lower-middle income status in 2015. It is on track to graduate from the UN’s Least Developed Countries list in 2026. Poverty declined from 43.5 percent in 1991 to 14.3 percent in 2016, based on the international poverty line of $1.90 a day (1).  

Like many of its Asian neighbours, Bangladesh faces a major challenge trying to develop modern, employability skills for tens of millions of young women and men. It has a large informal sector, which accounts for 94.7 percent of the total employment in 2017 (2). Youth continue to be highly affected by the lack of opportunities, with the share of youth aged 15-24 not in employment, education or training (NEET), estimated at 27.8 percent in 2020 (3). 

TVET has a huge role to play in equipping the vast young labour force of 15-29 years referred to as the country’s “demographic dividend” with employability skills and providing enhanced support services to ensure a better transition from school to work. TVET may also contribute to reducing poverty by providing employability skills, particularly to those who drop out of school early and to a large number of unemployed and underemployed adults.  

Despite many reform initiatives by the government, the TVET sector needs further strengthening through reform of policies and systems in the labour market.  Enhancing industry-relevance of TVET qualifications will furthermore require closer Government cooperation with the private sector. For one and a half decade, the ILO has worked closely with the Government of Bangladesh and its Social Partners to reform the TVET sector and to improve access for people to increase their skills and employability, in particular youth, women and people from other marginalized groups. 

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic had detrimental effects on the TVET sector, due to the nation-wide closure of all educational institutes for one and a half years, starting on 17 March 2020.  Most students’ learning was effectively abolished for this duration, and learning and certification was only possible through limited online learning facilities in existence at the time. Only recently has the TVET returned to its prior activity level. 

The ILO landmark programmes aim to strengthen and improve the environment for industry skills development, address the mismatch between the supply and demand for skills training, and drive the increased employability of millions of young women and men. ILO’s support to develop the skills system in Bangladesh has focused on skills system governance, development of skills policies and qualifications frameworks; delivery of quality skills training, expanding access to TVET, and involvement by the private sector.    

 

Sources 

(1) https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bangladesh/overview

(2) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/informality/

(3) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/youth/

Country Assessment and Priority (CAP) – Bangladesh strategy for skills and lifelong learning (2022)

Situation Analysis of Bangladesh TVET Sector (2019) https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—asia/—ro-bangkok/—ilo-dhaka/documents/publication/wcms_735704.pdf_

Enhancing socio-economic development through investing in human capital in Punjab and Sindh

Enhancing socio-economic development through investing in human capital in Punjab and Sindh

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Enhancing socio-economic development through investing in human capital in Punjab and Sindh
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpOSource
Slug
other-sources
Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

Thumbnail

Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions. 

Identifier
skpAFSN
Slug
anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs

Training quality and relevance

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpTrainQR
Slug
training-quality-and-relevance
Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpCaseStdy
Slug
case-studies-and-good-practices

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
22 Jun 2015
Supported by European Commission (EC), the project, 'Enhancing socio-economic development through investing in human capital in Punjab and Sindh' seeks to improve the TVET sector by working on relevance, quality, access and equity of TVET services predominantly for the deprived communities, and exclusively focuses on rural women and youth in Sindh and Southern Punjab. The target districts for the project include Multan, Muzaffargarh, Vehari, Rajanpur in Punjab and district Tando Allahyar, Thatta and Mirpur Khas in Sindh.

This report documents a baseline study carried out as part of the preparatory stage by the project to assess the present situation in the target locations and set bench marks against the performance indicators identified in the project design. The study aimed to identify marketable skills, technical and vocational training needs of rural women and youth, barriers, challenges and opportunities regarding youth and women's employability and self-employment in the seven target districts. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative data gathering tools including a questionnaire survey, FGDs and In-depth interviews with key stakeholders complimented by a literature review.
Subject Tags:

Skills anticipation

Slug
skills-anticipation
Identifier
677

Social policy

Slug
social-policy
Identifier
300

TVET systems

Slug
tvet-systems
Identifier
661

Vocational training

Slug
vocational-training
Identifier
124

Women

Slug
women
Identifier
318
Regions:
Countries and territories:

Vanuatu case study in women’s economic empowerment

Vanuatu case study in women’s economic empowerment

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Vanuatu case study in women’s economic empowerment
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Bilateral organizations

The development agencies of many countries make skills development a pillar of their Official Development Assistance – from the perspective of education systems, employment promotion, poverty reduction, and private sector development. Documentation of their experience, evaluations and impact assessments, mission statements, and other knowledge products are made available through the Global KSP.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpBiOrg
Slug
bilateral-organizations
Topics:

Access to training

Thumbnail

Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.  

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business. 
 

Identifier
skpATSU
Slug
access-to-training

Gender equality

Thumbnail

Women represent both half of the world's population – and half the world's economic potential. Their participation in the labour market reduces poverty because they often invest 90 per cent of their income in the well-being, education and nutrition of their families. Yet labour force participation by women has stagnated at about 55 per cent globally since 2010. Moreover, women are disproportionately represented in precarious work – low-paid, low-skilled and insecure jobs.

Training plays an important role in the pursuit of equality of opportunity and treatment for women and men in the world of work. Yet women often lack access to technical and vocational education and training. Many also lack the basic functional skills, such as literacy and numeracy, to participate meaningfully in the work force. Overcoming this challenge requires the adoption of a life-cycle approach. This includes improving girls’ access to basic education; overcoming logistic, economic and cultural barriers to apprenticeships and to secondary and vocational training for young women; and meeting the training needs of women re-entering the labour market and of older women who have not had equal access to opportunities for lifelong learning.

Identifier
skpGenEqul
Slug
gender-equality
Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpCaseStdy
Slug
case-studies-and-good-practices
Publication Date:
19 Jun 2015
This case study was developed as part of the evaluation of Australian aid support for women’s economic empowerment conducted by the Office of Development Effectiveness. It is based on information collected from informant interviews and group discussions during the field visit to Vanuatu, as well as a review of relevant Vanuatu country program and initiative documents. The case study examines successful approaches to promote gender equality and women’s economic empowerment pursued at the country program level and within initiatives. It discusses what these efforts have achieved and identifies key challenges that have limited effectiveness.
Subject Tags:

Entrepreneurship

Slug
entrepreneurship
Identifier
182

Gender

Slug
294
Identifier
294

Gender and development

Slug
gender-and-development

Globalization

Slug
globalization
Identifier
267

TVET systems

Slug
tvet-systems
Identifier
661

Vocational training

Slug
vocational-training
Identifier
124

Women

Slug
women
Identifier
318
Regions:
Countries and territories:

Assessing China's skills gap and inequalities in education

Assessing China's skills gap and inequalities in education

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Assessing China's skills gap and inequalities in education
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpIntOrg
Slug
international-organizations
Topics:

Access to training

Thumbnail

Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.  

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business. 
 

Identifier
skpATSU
Slug
access-to-training

Anticipating and matching skills needs

Thumbnail

Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions. 

Identifier
skpAFSN
Slug
anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs

Rural employment

Thumbnail

Eight out of 10 of the world’s working poor who live on US $1.25 per day live in rural areas, where many are caught in vulnerable employment, especially in agriculture.Flourishing rural areas are vital to regional and national development. Yet, rural economies tend to face a wide range of challenges that urban areas are more likely to overcome. These include access to transportation, sanitation and health services, and a consumer base in close proximity to support small and medium enterprise development. Women and men working in rural areas also face difficulties associated with a paucity of economic opportunities, under investment, poor infrastructure and public services, including education, and, in many cases, weak governance and underdeveloped markets.

Education, entrepreneurship, and physical and social infrastructure all play an important role in developing rural regions. Skills are central to improving employability and livelihood opportunities, reducing poverty, enhancing productivity and promoting environmentally sustainable development.

Identifier
skpREmpl
Slug
rural-employment
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
18 Jun 2015
In recent years, many tertiary graduates have had difficulties finding a job, while factories have been struggling to recruit workers. Notwithstanding rapidly increasing education attainment, graduates’ skills do not seem to match those demanded by the market. Moreover, structural changes in the economy aggravate the shortage of skills in newly emerging industries. While the problem is widely recognised, empirical studies of the issue are scarce and the skills gap has not been quantified.

This paper aims at gaging the skills and knowledge gap of tertiary graduates of universities and vocational colleges across China. It also looks at the employment and wage prospects of graduates with different educational backgrounds. Inequalities in educational opportunities, stemming in particular from the urban-rural divide and to a lesser extent from the social background, shape careers and lives.

The best primary and middle schools are located in the biggest cities and until recently children competed for a place at such schools. In third and fourth-tier cities or in rural areas, in contrast, there are fewer choices and thus less chance to get into a 'model' high school or a top university. The family background also tends to have an impact on the choice of a school or profession and on future earnings. This paper discusses various aspects of inequalities related to the place of upbringing, family background and geographical area. Micro-level data analysis is complemented by an investigation into inequalities of various aspects of education at the city and county levels.

DOI: 10.1787/5js1j1805czs-en
Subject Tags:

Rural development

Slug
rural-development
Identifier
152

Rural employment

Slug
rural-employment
Identifier
670

Rural workers

Slug
rural-workers
Identifier
637

School-to-work transition

Slug
school-to-work-transition
Identifier
652

Skills and training policy

Slug
skills-and-training-policy
Identifier
666

Skills anticipation

Slug
skills-anticipation
Identifier
677

Skills indicators

Slug
skills-indicators
Identifier
653

Skills mismatch

Slug
skills-mismatch
Identifier
654

TVET systems

Slug
tvet-systems
Identifier
661

Vocational training

Slug
vocational-training
Identifier
124
Regions:
Countries and territories:

Asia-Pacific regional education for all report: A synthesis of the national EFA reports

Asia-Pacific regional education for all report: A synthesis of the national EFA reports

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Asia-Pacific regional education for all report: A synthesis of the national EFA reports
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpIntOrg
Slug
international-organizations
Topics:

Access to training

Thumbnail

Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.  

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business. 
 

Identifier
skpATSU
Slug
access-to-training

Lifelong learning

Thumbnail

There is a critical need for a greater overall investment in education and training, particularly in developing countries. Education and training investments should be closely linked to economic and employment growth strategies and programmes. Responsibility should be shared between the government (primary responsibility), enterprises, the social partners, and the individual. To make lifelong learning for all a reality, countries will need to make major reforms of their vocational and education and training systems. School-to-work schemes for young people should integrate education with workplace learning. Training systems need to become more flexible and responsive to rapidly changing skill requirements. Reforms should also focus on how learning can be facilitated, not just on training for specific occupational categories.

Identifier
skpPSLLL
Slug
lifelong-learning

Training quality and relevance

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpTrainQR
Slug
training-quality-and-relevance
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
18 Jun 2015
The Asia-Pacific region is home to 4.3 billion people, constituting as much as 60 per cent of the world’s population (UNESCAP, 2013). Since 2000, the Asia-Pacific region has had considerable success by measure of the Millennium Development Goals, particularly, in reducing poverty. Despite rapid economic growth, social development, and technological advances, the Asia-Pacific region continues to face significant challenges, especially in providing good governance, improving the quality of life, and reducing inequalities at the regional, sub-regional, and country level. Addressing these challenges will be central to the post-2015 development agenda and vital to the region’s prosperity. This regional synthesis report has been prepared by analysing and consolidating findings of the national EFA reports. Its purpose is to elucidate the major achievements, trends and issues arising from the analysis. Its main focus is to track the progress towards achieving the EFA Goals; which include the development and acquisition of life skills and lifelong learning as well as adult education.
Subject Tags:

Qualification frameworks

Slug
qualification-frameworks
Identifier
651

School-to-work transition

Slug
school-to-work-transition
Identifier
652

Skills and training policy

Slug
skills-and-training-policy
Identifier
666

TVET systems

Slug
tvet-systems
Identifier
661

Vocational training

Slug
vocational-training
Identifier
124
Regions:

Field Assessment- Apprenticeship in Indonesia: Report on visits to companies in Balikpapan and Greater Jakarta

Field Assessment- Apprenticeship in Indonesia: Report on visits to companies in Balikpapan and Greater Jakarta

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Field Assessment- Apprenticeship in Indonesia: Report on visits to companies in Balikpapan and Greater Jakarta
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

ILO

The International Labour Organization is the tripartite U.N. agency that promotes Decent Work through employment, social security, labour standards and social dialogue. Its work on skills development is guided by the conceptual framework on Skills to improve productivity, employment growth, and development agreed in 2008 by representatives of Governments, Employers’ Associations and Workers’ Associations. Research, policy advice, and pilot projects and technical cooperation programmes to apply good practices in different circumstances across its 185 member States aims to boost the employability of workers, the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, and the inclusiveness of economic growth. The ILO Secretariat in offices in 40 countries works with Ministries of Labour, employers’ organizations, and trade unions to integrate skills development into national and sector development strategies in order to better meet current labour market needs and to prepare for the jobs of the future; to expand access to employment-related training so that youth, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are better able to acquire skills and secure productive and decent work; and to improve the ability of public employment services to provide career guidance, maintain labour exchange services, and deliver active labour market programmes.For more information regarding the ILO’s work on skills and employability go to: http://www.ilo.org/skills/lang--en/index.htm; for ILO/Cinterfor's Knowledge Management Plarform, see: http://www.oitcinterfor.org

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpILO
Slug
ilo
Topics:

Access to training

Thumbnail

Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.  

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business. 
 

Identifier
skpATSU
Slug
access-to-training

Lifelong learning

Thumbnail

There is a critical need for a greater overall investment in education and training, particularly in developing countries. Education and training investments should be closely linked to economic and employment growth strategies and programmes. Responsibility should be shared between the government (primary responsibility), enterprises, the social partners, and the individual. To make lifelong learning for all a reality, countries will need to make major reforms of their vocational and education and training systems. School-to-work schemes for young people should integrate education with workplace learning. Training systems need to become more flexible and responsive to rapidly changing skill requirements. Reforms should also focus on how learning can be facilitated, not just on training for specific occupational categories.

Identifier
skpPSLLL
Slug
lifelong-learning

Training quality and relevance

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpTrainQR
Slug
training-quality-and-relevance
Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpCaseStdy
Slug
case-studies-and-good-practices
Publication Date:
18 Jun 2015
An apprenticeship is a training organized by a company to a potential worker in work site to obtain specific skill. For company, the purpose of apprenticeship is to have a worker who has qualified skill as needed by the company. While for the apprentices, the purpose is to obtain the skill needed to get job in line with the skill obtained during the apprenticeship. Therefore, the apprenticeship is a relation between the skill seeker and skill provider within the employment environment. Apprenticeship is not a training given by the company to a student as a condition to obtain specific skill as the requirement in school curriculum.

This book is a survey report concerning the apprenticeship practices conducted by the companies in Jabodetabek (Jakarta-Bogor-Depok-Tangerang-Bekasi) area and Balikpapan. This report reflected various aspects in apprenticeship such as recruitment of apprentices, program and duration of apprenticeship, organization of apprenticeship, certification, recruitment of the worker from the result of apprenticeship, etc.
Subject Tags:

Apprenticeships

Slug
apprenticeships
Identifier
639

Employability

Slug
employability
Identifier
643

Job matching

Slug
job-matching
Identifier
649

Skills and training policy

Slug
skills-and-training-policy
Identifier
666

Skills re-training

Slug
skills-re-training
Identifier
655

Vocational training

Slug
vocational-training
Identifier
124
Regions:
Countries and territories:

Competencias profesionales para empleos verdes: Una mirada a la situación mundial

Competencias profesionales para empleos verdes: Una mirada a la situación mundial

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Competencias profesionales para empleos verdes: Una mirada a la situación mundial
Language:

Spanish

Slug
spanish
Identifier
skpEsp
Sources:

ILO

The International Labour Organization is the tripartite U.N. agency that promotes Decent Work through employment, social security, labour standards and social dialogue. Its work on skills development is guided by the conceptual framework on Skills to improve productivity, employment growth, and development agreed in 2008 by representatives of Governments, Employers’ Associations and Workers’ Associations. Research, policy advice, and pilot projects and technical cooperation programmes to apply good practices in different circumstances across its 185 member States aims to boost the employability of workers, the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, and the inclusiveness of economic growth. The ILO Secretariat in offices in 40 countries works with Ministries of Labour, employers’ organizations, and trade unions to integrate skills development into national and sector development strategies in order to better meet current labour market needs and to prepare for the jobs of the future; to expand access to employment-related training so that youth, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are better able to acquire skills and secure productive and decent work; and to improve the ability of public employment services to provide career guidance, maintain labour exchange services, and deliver active labour market programmes.For more information regarding the ILO’s work on skills and employability go to: http://www.ilo.org/skills/lang--en/index.htm; for ILO/Cinterfor's Knowledge Management Plarform, see: http://www.oitcinterfor.org

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpILO
Slug
ilo

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpOSource
Slug
other-sources
Topics:

Anticipating and matching skills needs

Thumbnail

Anticipating and building skills for the future is essential to a rapidly changing labour market. This applies to changes in the types and levels of skills needed as well as in occupational and technical areas. Effective methods to anticipate future skills needs and avoid potential mismatches include: sustained dialogue between employers and trainers, coordination across government institutions, labour market information systems, employment services and performance reviews of training institutions. 

Identifier
skpAFSN
Slug
anticipating-and-matching-skills-needs
Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpCaseStdy
Slug
case-studies-and-good-practices

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
01 Jun 2015

La creciente importancia del desarrollo sostenible y el paso hacia una economía de bajas emisiones de carbono están aumentando el ritmo de cambio en los mercados laborales y en las necesidades de competencias profesionales. Las economías que evolucionan hacia una producción más verde pueden aprovechar este potencial para crear empleo - que es particularmente relevante para recuperarse de la crisis económica actual - en caso de que puedan afrontar eficazmente el cambio estructural que se anuncia y la transformación de los empleos existentes.

El presente documento es el resumen ejecutivo de una investigación global realizada por el Departamento de Conocimientos Teóricos y Prácticos y Empleabilidad de la OIT, en cooperación con el Centro Europeo para el Desarrollo de la Formación Profesional (Cedefop), para identificar las competencias laborales necesarias en una economía verde.

Subject Tags:

Green jobs

Slug
green-jobs
Identifier
623

Skills anticipation

Slug
skills-anticipation
Identifier
677

Skills upgrading

Slug
skills-upgrading
Identifier
657
Regions:

Africa

Region Image

Americas

Region Image

Preparation for the World of Work: Secondary and Higher Secondary Education in India

Preparation for the World of Work: Secondary and Higher Secondary Education in India

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Preparation for the World of Work: Secondary and Higher Secondary Education in India
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Academic institutions

Research papers, synthesis reports, country and programme studies are collected from many academic institutions and national, regional and international professional associations.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpAcaInst
Slug
academic-institutions
Topics:

Training quality and relevance

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpTrainQR
Slug
training-quality-and-relevance
Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
29 May 2015
Secondary education is, perhaps, the most important part of an individual’s education as it is during these years that a student decides what she is going to take up for further education. The present report examines the secondary and higher secondary education system in India and discusses how it prepares the student for the world of work. It focuses on the vocational training that is imparted during the four years of secondary (and higher secondary) education. A description of the current state of vocational education at secondary level, different institutes/government agencies offering vocational courses, curriculum followed by different agencies, teaching methodology used, assessment methodology and certification pattern is provided. In-depth analysis of the problems faced and recommendations for the future are presented.
Subject Tags:

School-to-work transition

Slug
school-to-work-transition
Identifier
652

Skills and training policy

Slug
skills-and-training-policy
Identifier
666

TVET systems

Slug
tvet-systems
Identifier
661

Vocational training

Slug
vocational-training
Identifier
124
Regions:
Countries and territories:

Blueprint on enculturation of lifelong learning for Malaysia 2011-2020

Blueprint on enculturation of lifelong learning for Malaysia 2011-2020

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Blueprint on enculturation of lifelong learning for Malaysia 2011-2020
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Governments

Governments hold a wealth of knowledge on skills development, and are increasingly realizing the value of learning from each others’ experiences. Their policy documents, programme evaluations, and research findings contain their experience and ideas on how to better link skills to employment

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpGov
Slug
governments
Topics:

Lifelong learning

Thumbnail

There is a critical need for a greater overall investment in education and training, particularly in developing countries. Education and training investments should be closely linked to economic and employment growth strategies and programmes. Responsibility should be shared between the government (primary responsibility), enterprises, the social partners, and the individual. To make lifelong learning for all a reality, countries will need to make major reforms of their vocational and education and training systems. School-to-work schemes for young people should integrate education with workplace learning. Training systems need to become more flexible and responsive to rapidly changing skill requirements. Reforms should also focus on how learning can be facilitated, not just on training for specific occupational categories.

Identifier
skpPSLLL
Slug
lifelong-learning
Knowledge Products:

National policies and initiatives

National legislation, policies and initiatives on the issue of training and skills development and the world of work. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpNatPol
Slug
national-policies-and-initiatives
Publication Date:
28 May 2015
Lifelong learning expands life choices and enhances people’s quality of life. Thus, it is a critical thrust in ensuring the success of the nation’s economic development. In our desire to achieve Vision 2020, it is imperative that lifelong learning be adopted as a New National Agenda in achieving the nation’s human capital development. Like primary and secondary schooling and tertiary education, lifelong learning should be in the mainstream of our education system; thus becoming the “third pillar” to propel human capital development in this country. This blueprint provides a list of initiatives to be undertaken for the enculturation of lifelong learning in Malaysia.
Subject Tags:

Lifelong learning

Slug
lifelong-learning
Identifier
400

School-to-work transition

Slug
school-to-work-transition
Identifier
652

Skills and training policy

Slug
skills-and-training-policy
Identifier
666
Regions:
Countries and territories:

Innovative Asia: Advancing the knowledge-based economy - Country case studies for the People’s Republic of China, India, Indonesia, and Kazakhstan

Innovative Asia: Advancing the knowledge-based economy - Country case studies for the People’s Republic of China, India, Indonesia, and Kazakhstan

Type:
Document
Content Type:
Innovative Asia: Advancing the knowledge-based economy - Country case studies for the People’s Republic of China, India, Indonesia, and Kazakhstan
Language:

English

Slug
english
Identifier
skpEng
Sources:

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpOSource
Slug
other-sources
Topics:

Other topic

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpOIssue
Slug
other-topic
Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpCaseStdy
Slug
case-studies-and-good-practices

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues. 

Thumbnail
Identifier
skpRPS
Slug
research-papers
Publication Date:
25 May 2015
This report presents the case studies of the People’s Republic of China, India, Indonesia and Kazakhstan in their knowledge-based economy approaches. It identifies a range of policies and initiatives that these economies need to consider to strengthen innovation-led growth and make a transition from middle-income to high-income levels.

This report argues that it is absolutely essential for emerging economies in Asia to transition into Knowledge-Based Economies (KBE) to sustain their economic development, while preparing effectively for the future challenges of an increasingly connected global economy. In fact, pursuing KBE development could help emerging economies effectively position themselves better to capitalize on market opportunities by using their unique endowments and strengths. The times are opportune for Asia to accelerate knowledge based economy development.
Subject Tags:

Information and communication technologies

Slug
information-and-communication-technologies
Identifier
346

Skills upgrading

Slug
skills-upgrading
Identifier
657

Technology

Slug
technology
Identifier
345
Regions: