Africa

Apprenticeship in Egypt - Towards a unified system? (Arabic version)

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Document

Content Type:

Apprenticeship in Egypt - Towards a unified system? (Arabic version)

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The International Labour Organization is the tripartite U.N. agency that promotes Decent Work through employment, social security, labour standards and social dialogue. Its work on skills development is guided by the conceptual framework on Skills to improve productivity, employment growth, and development agreed in 2008 by representatives of Governments, Employers’ Associations and Workers’ Associations. Research, policy advice, and pilot projects and technical cooperation programmes to apply good practices in different circumstances across its 185 member States aims to boost the employability of workers, the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, and the inclusiveness of economic growth. The ILO Secretariat in offices in 40 countries works with Ministries of Labour, employers’ organizations, and trade unions to integrate skills development into national and sector development strategies in order to better meet current labour market needs and to prepare for the jobs of the future; to expand access to employment-related training so that youth, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are better able to acquire skills and secure productive and decent work; and to improve the ability of public employment services to provide career guidance, maintain labour exchange services, and deliver active labour market programmes.For more information regarding the ILO’s work on skills and employability go to: http://www.ilo.org/skills/lang--en/index.htm; for ILO/Cinterfor's Knowledge Management Plarform, see: http://www.oitcinterfor.org

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skpILO

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ilo

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Apprenticeships

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Quality apprenticeships based on robust social dialogue and public-private partnerships can improve employment prospects for young people while developing high level skills identified by employers as necessary for growth and increased productivity. Both informal and regulated apprenticeship systems are important learning resources enabling young people to overcome the work-inexperience trap, gain new and enhanced skills and recognized qualifications.

Upgrading informal apprenticeships and expanding regulated ones is a cost-effective way to invest in a country’s skills base, promote economic growth and enhance the employability of youth.

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skpAppren

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apprenticeships

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues.

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skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

15 Jan 2018

Open

edmsp1_207603.pdf

After a period of fading interest in apprenticeship systems internationally, the aggravated global youth employment crisis has brought apprenticeship back to the policy agenda. The ILO has a global programme on quality apprenticeship which strives to promote dialogue among governments, workers and employers to improve the quality, legal framework, partnership and employment outcomes of apprenticeship systems at national level, and promote knowledge sharing at international level.

This report presents the findings of a legal review of existing apprenticeship schemes in Egypt. It describes the different schemes and compares them against stipulations in ILO instruments. A National Conference on Strengthening Apprenticeship in Egypt in April 2015 in collaboration with the Ministry of Manpower provided a platform for stakeholders to discuss the legal review and its conclusions, and formulated recommendations on how to move forward. These recommendations are captured in this report.

Subject Tags:

Apprenticeships

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apprenticeships

Identifier

639

Skills mismatch

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skills-mismatch

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654

Regions:

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Countries and territories:

Egypt

Empowering Young Women through Business and Vocational Training: Evidence from a Field Intervention in Rural Egypt

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Document

Content Type:

															Empowering Young Women through Business and Vocational Training: Evidence from a Field Intervention in Rural Egypt
													

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English

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english

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skpEng

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ILO

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Identifier

skpILO

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ilo

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Access to training

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Access for all to good quality education, vocational training and workplace learning is a fundamental principle of social cohesion and economic growth. Some groups of people may require targeted attention if they are to benefit from education, training and employment opportunities.

This is particularly the case for disadvantaged youth, lower skilled workers, people with disabilities, and people in rural communities. The attractiveness of vocational education and training is enhanced when combined with entrepreneurship training and when public policies encourage utilization of higher skills by business.

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skpATSU

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access-to-training

Gender equality

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Women represent both half of the world's population – and half the world's economic potential. Their participation in the labour market reduces poverty because they often invest 90 per cent of their income in the well-being, education and nutrition of their families. Yet labour force participation by women has stagnated at about 55 per cent globally since 2010. Moreover, women are disproportionately represented in precarious work – low-paid, low-skilled and insecure jobs.

Training plays an important role in the pursuit of equality of opportunity and treatment for women and men in the world of work. Yet women often lack access to technical and vocational education and training. Many also lack the basic functional skills, such as literacy and numeracy, to participate meaningfully in the work force. Overcoming this challenge requires the adoption of a life-cycle approach. This includes improving girls’ access to basic education; overcoming logistic, economic and cultural barriers to apprenticeships and to secondary and vocational training for young women; and meeting the training needs of women re-entering the labour market and of older women who have not had equal access to opportunities for lifelong learning.

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skpGenEqul

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gender-equality

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

12 Jan 2018

Open

edmsp1_207416.pdf

Impact Report Series, Issue 8. The ILO Taqeem 'Impact Report' series disseminates research reports from Taqeem-supported impact evaluations. The studies use experimental and quasi-experimental approaches to estimate employment outcomes of active labour market policies and programmes. The goal is to improve the evidence base for 'what works' in the effective design and implementation of integrated employment policy responses for youth and women’s employment. Taqeem is a partnership with the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) as part of an IFAD-financed project titled 'Strengthening gender monitoring and evaluation in rural employment in the Near East and North Africa'. This paper presents the findings of an impact evaluation of a large-scale training and empowerment intervention in rural Upper Egypt, a region with some of the lowest rates of female labour force participation and highest gender disparities in the Arab World. The intervention offered business, vocational and life skills training combined with business development services and civic education to 4,500 young women in 30 villages in rural Upper Egypt. The evaluation of the intervention used difference-in-difference and propensity score matching and included 5,704 survey respondents in the follow-up data collection round. Results of the study concentrate on outcomes related to labour market status and career aspirations.

Key messages:

1. The intervention resulted in a strong and highly significant impact on labour market outcomes, economic aspirations and business knowledge of young women in treated villages compared to control villages.
2. Economic empowerment of young women can be increased by combining hard and soft skills, in the form of business, vocational and life skills training, combined with civic education and guidance on how to start a business or become employed.
3. Interventions that specifically target young women must employ a gender-sensitive design, which would include gender-sensitive outreach, creating female-friendly spaces during training, minimizing the distance to training facilities, flexible timing of classes and close mentoring by local women to serve as role models.
4. Promoting safe, flexible, female-friendly employment and workplaces for women including maternity protection and more harmonized work-life balance will help in increasing female labour market participation in Egypt.
5. A combination of creative gender dynamics curricula and innovative programme design is needed if the social and economic empowerment of young women in rural societies is to be increased.

Subject Tags:

Globalization

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globalization

Identifier

267

Vocational training

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vocational-training

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124

Women

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women

Identifier

318

Regions:

Africa

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Countries and territories:

Egypt

The Africa Competitiveness Report 2017

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Document

Content Type:

The Africa Competitiveness Report 2017

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English

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english

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skpEng

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Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.

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skpIntOrg

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international-organizations

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Research papers

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skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

08 Dec 2017

Open

wcmstest4_195109.pdf

Addressing Africa’s Demographic Dividend Published on a biennial basis, The Africa Competitiveness Report highlights areas requiring policy action and investment to ensure that Africa lays a solid foundation for sustained and inclusive growth. The Report, which is the result of a longstanding collaboration, leverages the knowledge and expertise of the African Development Bank, the World Bank Group, and the World Economic Forum to present a joint policy vision that can help Africa transform its economies.

By conducting a comprehensive analysis of Africa’s most pressing competitiveness challenges, the Report discusses the barriers and challenges to putting Africa’s economies onto a solid footing and helping them to achieve sustainable, broad based growth, taking into account rapid demographic changes. Africa’s working-age population is expected to soar by 450 million people, or close to 70 percent, by 2035. The Report examines how this population growth can either help to achieve broader shared prosperity and improve the livelihood of African people or become a source of fragility, social tension, and economic hardships. It does so by examining the potential of Africa’s fast-growing youth population to catalyze economic development through accelerating rates of job creation. It also discusses the potential of cities to transform, strengthen, and diversify Africa’s economies by creating more dynamic urban manufacturing and service sectors. The Report emphasizes the importance of ensuring that the youth of today and tomorrow possess the skills they need to build vibrant and inclusive economies. It further delivers detailed competitiveness profiles for 35 African countries, and provides a comprehensive summary of the drivers of productivity and competitiveness within the continent.

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Development policy

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development-policy

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136

Economic growth

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economic-growth

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166

Private sector

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private-sector

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229

Productivity

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productivity

Identifier

188

Youth

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youth

Identifier

319

Regions:

Africa

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Information Note: Training for Rural Economic Empowerment (TREE)

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Document

Content Type:

Information Note: Training for Rural Economic Empowerment (TREE)

Language:

English

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english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

ILO

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Identifier

skpILO

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ilo

Topics:

Rural employment

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Eight out of 10 of the world’s working poor who live on US $1.25 per day live in rural areas, where many are caught in vulnerable employment, especially in agriculture.Flourishing rural areas are vital to regional and national development. Yet, rural economies tend to face a wide range of challenges that urban areas are more likely to overcome. These include access to transportation, sanitation and health services, and a consumer base in close proximity to support small and medium enterprise development. Women and men working in rural areas also face difficulties associated with a paucity of economic opportunities, under investment, poor infrastructure and public services, including education, and, in many cases, weak governance and underdeveloped markets.

Education, entrepreneurship, and physical and social infrastructure all play an important role in developing rural regions. Skills are central to improving employability and livelihood opportunities, reducing poverty, enhancing productivity and promoting environmentally sustainable development.

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skpREmpl

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rural-employment

Knowledge Products:

Promotional material

Presentations, discussion papers, meeting reports, promotional materials, videos, fact sheets, brochures and newsletters on skills development for employment.

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Identifier

skpAIM

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promotional-material

Publication Date:

14 Nov 2017

Open

Information Note: Training for Rural Economic Empowerment (TREE)

This Information Note presents the Training for Rural Economic Empowerment (TREE) programme of the International Labour Organization (ILO), which aims to promote rural employment using a community-based approach to skills development. It outlines some of the challenges faced in efforts to improve rural livelihoods, presents an overview of the TREE programme, describes some national experiences in implementing TREE and summarizes the programme’s contribution to supporting the ILO’s Decent Work Agenda. It is intended to inform ILO constituents, skills development specialists and training practitioners about the programme and its potential to support national rural skills initiatives.

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Access to training

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access-to-training

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683

Rural employment

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rural-employment

Identifier

670

Rural workers

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rural-workers

Identifier

637

Women

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women

Identifier

318

Youth

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youth

Identifier

319

Regions:

Africa

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Asia and the Pacific

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Promoting social entrepreneurship and social capital. A practice guide to supporting social entrepreneurship and inclusiveness in rural communities

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Document

Content Type:

															Promoting social entrepreneurship and social capital. A practice guide to supporting social entrepreneurship and inclusiveness in rural communities
													

Language:

English

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english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

ILO

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skpILO

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ilo

Topics:

Participation of employers' and workers' organizations

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The world of learning and the world of work are separate but linked. While one involves learning, the other produces goods and services. Neither can thrive without the other. Strong partnerships between government, employers and workers help ensure the relevance of training to the changing needs of enterprises and labour markets.

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skpPSP

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participation-of-employers-and-workers-organizations

Youth employability

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Globally, nearly 68 million young women and men are looking for and available for work, and an estimated 123 million young people are working but living in poverty. The number who are not in employment, education or training (NEET) stands at 267 million, a majority of whom are young women. Significantly, young people are three times as likely as adults (25 years and older) to be unemployed.

Skills development is a primary means of enabling young people to make a smooth transition to work. A comprehensive approach is required to integrate young women and men in the labour market, including relevant and quality skills training, labour market information, career guidance and employment services, recognition of prior learning, incorporating entrepreneurship with training and effective skills forecasting. Improved basic education and core work skills are particularly important to enable youth to engage in lifelong learning as well as transition to the labour market.

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skpYoEmp

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youth-employability

Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice.

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Identifier

skpCaseStdy

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case-studies-and-good-practices

Publication Date:

30 Oct 2017

Open

wcmstest4_194097.pdf

Nurturing the energy and creativity of youth in economically depressed environments is a challenge across the world and the development spectrum. This guide delineates a practice model to building social and economic capital through meaningful youth engagement and the promotion of social entrepreneurship.

In Egypt, a consortium of United Nations agencies worked with government stakeholders, international and local non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to address stark economic and community insecurity in two districts in the Upper Egyptian Governorate of Minya. The ‘Human Security through Inclusive Socioeconomic Development in Upper Egypt – Hayat’ project was designed to strengthen economic security through job creation and increased skills within the local labour force. At the same time, the project enhanced community and personal security through development of social capital and enhanced cohesion and inclusiveness. The ILO component of Hayat focused on the role of youth, particularly in light of high rates of unemployment among those 18 to 35 years of age. This component’s unique design sought to create new opportunities for decent work for young women and men through a combination of vocational and entrepreneurial skills training with activities designed to waken their engagement in community building, thereby creating an enabling environment for nurturing potential social entrepreneurs.

This Guide has been developed to share the ILO’s experience in introducing the concept of social entrepreneurship in a challenging environment, highlighting opportunities, success factors and lessons to be learned.

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Community development

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community-development

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126

Rural development

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rural-development

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152

Youth

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youth

Identifier

319

Regions:

Africa

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Countries and territories:

Egypt

Reducing global poverty through universal primary and secondary education

Type:

Document

Content Type:

Reducing global poverty through universal primary and secondary education

Language:

English

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english

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skpEng

Sources:

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skpIntOrg

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international-organizations

Topics:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

17 Oct 2017

Open

wcmstest4_193894.pdf

Policy Paper 32 / Fact Sheet 44 The eradication of poverty and the provision of equitable and inclusive quality education for all are two intricately linked Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). As this year’s High Level Political Forum focuses on prosperity and poverty reduction, this paper, jointly released by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) and the Global Education Monitoring (GEM) Report, shows why education is so central to the achievement of the SDGs and presents the latest estimates on out-of-school children, adolescents and youth to demonstrate how much is at stake. The out-of-school rate has not budged since 2008 at the primary level, since 2012 at the lower secondary level and since 2013 at the upper secondary level. The consequences are grave: if all adults completed secondary school, the global poverty rate would be more than halved.

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Inclusion

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inclusion

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665

Poverty alleviation

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poverty-alleviation

Identifier

149

Productivity

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productivity

Identifier

188

Regions:

Africa

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Asia and the Pacific

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Global

Promoting women’s empowerment in the Middle East and North Africa: A rapid evidence assessment of labour market interventions

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Promoting women’s empowerment in the Middle East and North Africa: A rapid evidence assessment of labour market interventions
													

Language:

English

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english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

ILO

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Identifier

skpILO

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ilo

Topics:

Gender equality

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skpGenEqul

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gender-equality

Knowledge Products:

Promotional material

Presentations, discussion papers, meeting reports, promotional materials, videos, fact sheets, brochures and newsletters on skills development for employment.

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Identifier

skpAIM

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promotional-material

Publication Date:

09 Oct 2017

Open

wcmstest4_193697.pdf

Impact brief, Issue 9. The Taqeem Impact Brief Series documents how organizations measure outcomes of their employment programmes, the tools that are applied and the findings and recommendations that emerge to assist them in improving impacts and programme design. This rapid evidence assessment analyses gender equality outcomes of Active Labour Market Programmes in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The brief provides an overview of the existing evidence on “what works” in promoting gender equality in the MENA region by presenting results from a rapid evidence assessment (REA) of ALMPs.

Through a structured mapping of available evidence, the REA helps to identify knowledge gaps where future research might be needed. Furthermore, by analysing ten impact evaluations, it provides an overview on how gender equality aspects of ALMPs are typically measured. It shows which indicators are used to gather information on gender and labour market outcomes.

Based on the findings of the assessment, recommendations are formulated for improved measurement to better inform programme planning and implementation.

Subject Tags:

Gender

Slug

294

Identifier

294

Women

Slug

women

Identifier

318

Youth

Slug

youth

Identifier

319

Regions:

Africa

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Arab States

Region Image

The impact of skills training on the financial behaviour, employability and educational choices of rural young people: Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Morocco

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															The impact of skills training on the financial behaviour, employability and educational choices of rural young people: Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Morocco
													

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

ILO

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Identifier

skpILO

Slug

ilo

Topics:

Rural employment

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Identifier

skpREmpl

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rural-employment

Training quality and relevance

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Identifier

skpTrainQR

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training-quality-and-relevance

Youth employability

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Identifier

skpYoEmp

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youth-employability

Knowledge Products:

Research papers

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Identifier

skpRPS

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research-papers

Publication Date:

09 Oct 2017

Open

wcmstest4_193696.pdf

Impact Report Series, Issue 6. The “Impact report” series disseminates research reports from Taqeem-supported impact evaluations. Reports include baseline, endline and qualitative studies which describe the impact estimates of evaluations of youth employment interventions based on experimental and quasi-experimental designs. This report assesses a youth-focused skills training programme in rural and semi-rural Morocco. The intervention delivered financial, life and entrepreneurial skills training, aiming to assist young people with the challenges they face during their transition from school to work. Using a randomized controlled trial, the study explores the medium- to long-term impacts on a range of outcomes related to financial inclusion, employability and human capital accumulation.

Youth-focused development organizations throughout MENA increasingly concentrate on providing skills development training to promote financial inclusion and the labour market integration of young people. Despite the proliferation of such training, the evidence is still scarce on its effectiveness in addressing the wider challenges of economic inclusion among young people in MENA. As the first RCT in Morocco to examine a skills training programme, this impact evaluation, therefore, contributes to closing the knowledge gap on what works in youth employment in the region.

Subject Tags:

Skills and training policy

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skills-and-training-policy

Identifier

666

Women

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women

Identifier

318

Youth

Slug

youth

Identifier

319

Regions:

Africa

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Arab States

Region Image

Countries and territories:

Morocco

Creating access to technical and vocational education for young people with disabilities: I am Employable

Type:

Document

Content Type:

															Creating access to technical and vocational education for young people with disabilities: I am Employable
													

Language:

English

Slug

english

Identifier

skpEng

Sources:

Other sources

Experts from many international, regional and national agencies generously share their views, experiences and findings on skills, helping policy-makers among other stakeholders to understand the linkages between education, training and the world of work, and how to integrate skills into national development planning to promote employment and economic growth.

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skpOSource

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other-sources

Topics:

People with disabilities

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Of an estimated 1 billion people with disabilities in the world today, some 785 million are of working age. While many are successfully employed and fully integrated into society, most face a disproportionate level of poverty and unemployment. This is a massive loss both to them and their countries. A strategy of including people with disabilities in training and employment promotion policies, combined with targeted supports to ensure their participation, can help disabled persons obtain productive mainstream employment.

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skpPeoDis

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people-with-disabilities

Knowledge Products:

Case studies and good practices

Case studies that document good practices and illustrate the benefits and lessons learnt of particular approaches or methods in real practice.

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Identifier

skpCaseStdy

Slug

case-studies-and-good-practices

Promotional material

Presentations, discussion papers, meeting reports, promotional materials, videos, fact sheets, brochures and newsletters on skills development for employment.

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Identifier

skpAIM

Slug

promotional-material

Publication Date:

25 Sep 2017

Open

wcmstest4_193494.pdf

This publication provides an insight into what inclusive vocational training should look like. From enrollment to training for employment, with tips, case stories, and tools.

For the accessible screen reader version of this publication, please click on the first item directly below 'See also' on the menu on the right.

Subject Tags:

Access to training

Slug

access-to-training

Identifier

683

People with disabilities

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people-with-disabilities

Identifier

323

Vocational training

Slug

vocational-training

Identifier

124

Regions:

Africa

Region Image

Global

The first Youth and Employment in North Africa (YENA) Conference

Kind:

Event

Start Date:

26 Sep 2017

End Date:

17 Jun 2026

Event Location:

EventType:

Language:

English

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english

Identifier

skpEng

Language Version:

Sources:

ILO

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Identifier

skpILO

Slug

ilo

Topics:

Youth employability

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Identifier

skpYoEmp

Slug

youth-employability

Knowledge Products:

Promotional material

Presentations, discussion papers, meeting reports, promotional materials, videos, fact sheets, brochures and newsletters on skills development for employment.

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Identifier

skpAIM

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promotional-material

The YENA conference will bring together senior government, employer and worker representatives from seven African countries: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Sudan and Tunisia, as well as development partners to agree on a new “Roadmap for Youth Employment in North Africa” for the next five years. Convened under the theme “Scale up actions for youth employment”, the two-day conference will address the most pressing issues related to youth and decent work in North Africa. The interactive platform will provide an opportunity to share the latest initiatives, results, and priorities ahead for each country. North Africa was hard-hit by high levels of youth unemployment, low female labour force participation, compromised job quality, increasing informality, slow productivity and underemployment. Yet, countries have been able to move past emergency and short-term responses to undertake substantial reforms in favour of a more inclusive and job-rich growth.

The first Youth and Employment in North Africa (YENA) Conference

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