A highly educated and skilled population is fundamental to the success of an advanced economy and society. Every year, Canada invests billions of dollars in its post-secondary education systems— in systems that are not measured in outcomes. As a country, Canada achieves the highest proportion of post-secondary educational attainment among the member countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. Yet “the actual skills attainment is underwhelming,” according to the Conference Board of Canada. Narrowing the gap between education and skills, by exploring the relationship between employers’ needs and Canada’s post-secondary education systems, is the focus of this report.