Perspectivas del empleo en la OCDE 2014
Spanish
International organizations
Information is gathered from other international organizations that promote skills development and the transition from education and training to work. The Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (IAG-TVET) was established in 2009 to share research findings, coordinate joint research endeavours, and improve collaboration among organizations working at the international and national levels.
Career guidance and employment services
Career guidance and counselling, career education and lifelong development of skills for employability are key for success in learning activities, effective career transitions, livelihood planning, entrepreneurship and in increasing labour market participation. They are instrumental in promoting skills utilization, recognition (RPL), as well as in improving enterprise human resource management.
Career development activities encompass a wide variety of support activities including career information and advice, counselling, work exposure (e.g. job shadowing, work experience periods), assessment, coaching, mentoring, professional networking, advocacy, basic and employability skills training (curricular and non-curricular) and entrepreneurship training. It is often an area which is fragmented across different ministries (e.g. education, TVET, employment, youth) requiring an effort to achieve the necessary coordination to provide adequate support to individuals during learning, employment and unemployment/inactivity periods.
Youth employability
Globally, nearly 68 million young women and men are looking for and available for work, and an estimated 123 million young people are working but living in poverty. The number who are not in employment, education or training (NEET) stands at 267 million, a majority of whom are young women. Significantly, young people are three times as likely as adults (25 years and older) to be unemployed.
Skills development is a primary means of enabling young people to make a smooth transition to work. A comprehensive approach is required to integrate young women and men in the labour market, including relevant and quality skills training, labour market information, career guidance and employment services, recognition of prior learning, incorporating entrepreneurship with training and effective skills forecasting. Improved basic education and core work skills are particularly important to enable youth to engage in lifelong learning as well as transition to the labour market.
Research papers
Working papers, reports, and other publications from international organizations, academic institutions and bilateral agencies. Research findings to stimulate informed debate on skills, employment and productivity issues.
Resumen en español
Perspectivas del empleo en la OCDE 2014 incluye capítulos sobre la evolución reciente del mercado de trabajo con una sección especial sobre ingresos, la calidad del empleo, el empleo juvenil, y las formas y protección del empleo.
Para el área de la OCDE en conjunto, 17.2 millones de personas —más de uno de cada tres desempleados— no tuvo trabajo durante 12 o más meses en el último trimestre de 2013, casi el doble que en 2007. Considerando esta situación, promover la demanda debe seguir siendo un objetivo clave de política pública en los casos en que la recuperación ha sido menos sólida, acompañada de medidas reforzadas para combatir el desempleo estructural. Debe darse prioridad a las medidas para el empleo y la capacitación entre quienes no han tenido trabajo durante un tiempo prolongado y que, por regla general, enfrentan dificultades importantes para hallar empleo y tienen más probabilidades de dejar de pertenecer a la población activa.