Community-Based Lifelong Learning and Adult Education: Situations of Community Learning Centres in 7 Asian Countries
Organizaciones internacionales
Recopilamos información proveniente de otras organizaciones internacionales que promueven el desarrollo de competencias y la transición de la educación y la formación al trabajo. El Grupo de Trabajo Interinstitucional sobre Educación y Formación Técnica y Profesional (IAG-TVET, por sus siglas en inglés) se estableció en 2009 con objeto de intercambiar resultados de investigación, coordinar actividades conjuntas de investigación y mejorar la colaboración entre las organizaciones que trabajan en los ámbitos nacional e internacional.
Aprendizaje permanente
Es necesario aumentar las inversiones en educación y capacitación, en especial en los países en desarrollo. Estas inversiones deberían estar estrechamente vinculadas a estrategias y programas de crecimiento de la economía y los empleos. Es una responsabilidad que debería ser compartida entre los gobiernos (principal responsable), empresas, interlocutores sociales, e individuos. Para que la formación permanente sea una realidad, los países van a necesitar hacer reformas importantes de sus sistemas de educación y capacitación profesional. Esquemas que faciliten la transición escuela-empleo de los jóvenes deberían integrar la educación con el aprendizaje en el lugar de trabajo. Los sistemas de formación deben ser más flexibles y responder rápidamente a los requerimientos en materia de capacidades técnicas. Las reformas también deben ser enfocadas a las formas en que puede facilitarse el acceso al aprendizaje, y no sólo para la capacitación en categorías ocupacionales específicas.
Estudios de caso y buenas prácticas
Estudios de casos prácticos que documentan las buenas prácticas e ilustran los beneficios y las enseñanzas recabadas de determinados enfoques o métodos en la práctica.
Trabajos de investigación y síntesis
Documentos de trabajo, informes y otras publicaciones de organizaciones internacionales, instituciones académicas y organismos bilaterales. Resultados de investigación para estimular un debate bien fundamentado sobre las competencias, el empleo y la productividad.
This publication focuses on the role of Community Learning Centres (CLC) to investigate how the concept of lifelong learning is being implemented at community level in a country, including recommendations and policy suggestions for developing national strategies for lifelong learning towards lifelong learning society.
Empleabilidad
Aprendizaje permanente
Trabajadores de edad avanzada
Bangladesh
Bangladesh has a strong track record of growth and development, even in times of elevated global uncertainty. A robust demographic dividend, strong ready-made garment exports, resilient remittance inflows, and stable macroeconomic conditions have supported rapid economic growth over the past two decades. A strong recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic continued in FY22, although a recent surge in commodity prices has presented new headwinds.
Bangladesh reached lower-middle income status in 2015. It is on track to graduate from the UN’s Least Developed Countries list in 2026. Poverty declined from 43.5 percent in 1991 to 14.3 percent in 2016, based on the international poverty line of $1.90 a day (1).
Like many of its Asian neighbours, Bangladesh faces a major challenge trying to develop modern, employability skills for tens of millions of young women and men. It has a large informal sector, which accounts for 94.7 percent of the total employment in 2017 (2). Youth continue to be highly affected by the lack of opportunities, with the share of youth aged 15-24 not in employment, education or training (NEET), estimated at 27.8 percent in 2020 (3).
TVET has a huge role to play in equipping the vast young labour force of 15-29 years referred to as the country’s “demographic dividend” with employability skills and providing enhanced support services to ensure a better transition from school to work. TVET may also contribute to reducing poverty by providing employability skills, particularly to those who drop out of school early and to a large number of unemployed and underemployed adults.
Despite many reform initiatives by the government, the TVET sector needs further strengthening through reform of policies and systems in the labour market. Enhancing industry-relevance of TVET qualifications will furthermore require closer Government cooperation with the private sector. For one and a half decade, the ILO has worked closely with the Government of Bangladesh and its Social Partners to reform the TVET sector and to improve access for people to increase their skills and employability, in particular youth, women and people from other marginalized groups.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic had detrimental effects on the TVET sector, due to the nation-wide closure of all educational institutes for one and a half years, starting on 17 March 2020. Most students’ learning was effectively abolished for this duration, and learning and certification was only possible through limited online learning facilities in existence at the time. Only recently has the TVET returned to its prior activity level.
The ILO landmark programmes aim to strengthen and improve the environment for industry skills development, address the mismatch between the supply and demand for skills training, and drive the increased employability of millions of young women and men. ILO’s support to develop the skills system in Bangladesh has focused on skills system governance, development of skills policies and qualifications frameworks; delivery of quality skills training, expanding access to TVET, and involvement by the private sector.
Sources
(1) https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bangladesh/overview
(2) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/informality/
(3) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/youth/
Country Assessment and Priority (CAP) – Bangladesh strategy for skills and lifelong learning (2022)
Situation Analysis of Bangladesh TVET Sector (2019) https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—asia/—ro-bangkok/—ilo-dhaka/documents/publication/wcms_735704.pdf_