Level descriptors are essential elements of national qualifications frameworks being established across Europe. They define what is meant by learning outcomes, describing what an individual is expected to know, be able to do and understand, having acquired a qualification at a particular level.

This paper shows that most of the 36 countries taking part in the implementation of the European qualifications framework (EQF) have now (spring 2013) defined – and for a large part adopted – their levels of learning outcomes.

The analysis illustrates the influence of the EQF on national level descriptors, but it also demonstrates how countries have adjusted and further developed the learning outcomes approach according to national needs and priorities. National level descriptors have mostly been developed through extensive dialogue between different stakeholders.

This report supports EQF implementation and feeds directly into the referencing process, in which countries relate their national qualifications levels to the EQF. It also provides input into continuing evaluation of the EQF.