Continued economic growth in Thailand will be determined by increased productivity which in turn will depend on how Thailand manages to improve the skills of the workforce. Lack of skills constitutes a major constraint for productivity growth. A strong education sector is crucial for the production of those skills. Successes made in expanding access to education in Thailand will be overshadowed if too few students acquire the cognitive skills needed for the modern labor market. In building a 21st century education system it will be key to reduce the disparity in education quality and outcome across the country and bring learning outcomes of the whole country up on par with those of high performing Bangkok. This can be achieved through measures for: 1) increased social accountability in the education system through the annual publication of performance reports and school resources; 2) improved teacher supply and quality through selection, professional development, and the linking of remuneration with performance, and; 3) institutional reforms through the integration of functions across agencies within the education sector as regards to budgeting, monitoring and evaluation, administration and finance.