Équateur

Since the early 2000s, after a long period of wide and persistent gaps, Latin America has experienced a steady decline in income inequality. This paper presents evidence of a trend reversal in labor income inequality, which is considered the main factor behind such a decline in income inequality across the region. The analysis shows that, while labor income inequality increased during the 1990s, with heterogeneous experiences across countries, it fell in a synchronized way across countries beginning in the early 2000s. This systematic decline was supported by an expansion in real hourly earnings among the bottom of the wage distribution and, to a lesser extent, the middle part of the earnings distribution, thus reducing upper and lower tail inequality. This trend reversal is explained by a lower dispersion of earnings among workers with observable different attributes and by a much less extensive dispersion of residual labor inequality. Regarding the earnings differentials among workers with observable different attributes, the analysis concludes that the decline in labor inequality in Latin America has been closely associated with a reduction in the college/primary education premium and in the urban-rural earnings gap, coupled with a steady drop in the high school/primary education premium, which accelerated markedly since the 2000s, as well as a reduction in the experience premium across all age groups.

The report presents the findings of an external evaluation of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation’s (SDC) Vocational Skills Development activities. The evaluation portfolio covered 10 projects and programmes in 9 countries (Albania, Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Ecuador, Mali, Moldova, Nepal, Nicaragua, Peru). The report is structured along the lines of the OECD DAC Evaluation Criteria.

Since the constitutional reform of 2008 Ecuador has established a more stable and predictable political system and is now one of the world’s middle-income economies. Within that context, this note provides an overview of the main trends and innovations of the Public Employment Services in Ecuador.

El Servicio Ecuatoriano de Capacitación Profesional, SECAP, dentro del marco de los estudios e investigaciones tendientes a la búsqueda de nuevas metodologías, tendencias y necesidades de capacitación como aporte al mejor funcionamiento del mercado laboral y sus requerimientos, se encuentra implementando el modelo SENAI de Prospectiva Ocupacional. Dicha implementación apunta a reajustar la oferta de capacitación con miras a la previsión de tecnologías y tendencias ocupacionales demandadas por la población nacional.

El análisis que se plantea en el presente informe tiene como objetivo, definir los elementos básicos sobre los cuales emergerá una nueva oferta de capacitación en el sector agroforestal que permita divisar tanto las tecnologías que podrían surgir en los siguientes 5 y 10 años en este sector, así como las nuevas ocupaciones (y/o nuevas funciones a las ocupaciones existentes) que dichas tecnologías demanden. Todo esto dentro del marco de la estructura ocupacional actual y de las políticas que sustentan al sector.